linux/arch/x86/mm/pat.c

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/*
* Handle caching attributes in page tables (PAT)
*
* Authors: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
* Suresh B Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
*
* Loosely based on earlier PAT patchset from Eric Biederman and Andi Kleen.
*/
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
#include <asm/processor.h>
#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/fcntl.h>
#include <asm/e820.h>
#include <asm/mtrr.h>
#include <asm/page.h>
#include <asm/msr.h>
#include <asm/pat.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAT
int __read_mostly pat_enabled = 1;
void __cpuinit pat_disable(char *reason)
{
pat_enabled = 0;
printk(KERN_INFO "%s\n", reason);
}
static int __init nopat(char *str)
{
pat_disable("PAT support disabled.");
return 0;
}
early_param("nopat", nopat);
#endif
static int debug_enable;
static int __init pat_debug_setup(char *str)
{
debug_enable = 1;
return 0;
}
__setup("debugpat", pat_debug_setup);
#define dprintk(fmt, arg...) \
do { if (debug_enable) printk(KERN_INFO fmt, ##arg); } while (0)
static u64 __read_mostly boot_pat_state;
enum {
PAT_UC = 0, /* uncached */
PAT_WC = 1, /* Write combining */
PAT_WT = 4, /* Write Through */
PAT_WP = 5, /* Write Protected */
PAT_WB = 6, /* Write Back (default) */
PAT_UC_MINUS = 7, /* UC, but can be overriden by MTRR */
};
#define PAT(x, y) ((u64)PAT_ ## y << ((x)*8))
void pat_init(void)
{
u64 pat;
if (!pat_enabled)
return;
/* Paranoia check. */
if (!cpu_has_pat && boot_pat_state) {
/*
* If this happens we are on a secondary CPU, but
* switched to PAT on the boot CPU. We have no way to
* undo PAT.
*/
printk(KERN_ERR "PAT enabled, "
"but not supported by secondary CPU\n");
BUG();
}
/* Set PWT to Write-Combining. All other bits stay the same */
/*
* PTE encoding used in Linux:
* PAT
* |PCD
* ||PWT
* |||
* 000 WB _PAGE_CACHE_WB
* 001 WC _PAGE_CACHE_WC
* 010 UC- _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS
* 011 UC _PAGE_CACHE_UC
* PAT bit unused
*/
pat = PAT(0, WB) | PAT(1, WC) | PAT(2, UC_MINUS) | PAT(3, UC) |
PAT(4, WB) | PAT(5, WC) | PAT(6, UC_MINUS) | PAT(7, UC);
/* Boot CPU check */
if (!boot_pat_state)
rdmsrl(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT, boot_pat_state);
wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT, pat);
printk(KERN_INFO "x86 PAT enabled: cpu %d, old 0x%Lx, new 0x%Lx\n",
smp_processor_id(), boot_pat_state, pat);
}
#undef PAT
static char *cattr_name(unsigned long flags)
{
switch (flags & _PAGE_CACHE_MASK) {
case _PAGE_CACHE_UC: return "uncached";
case _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS: return "uncached-minus";
case _PAGE_CACHE_WB: return "write-back";
case _PAGE_CACHE_WC: return "write-combining";
default: return "broken";
}
}
/*
* The global memtype list keeps track of memory type for specific
* physical memory areas. Conflicting memory types in different
* mappings can cause CPU cache corruption. To avoid this we keep track.
*
* The list is sorted based on starting address and can contain multiple
* entries for each address (this allows reference counting for overlapping
* areas). All the aliases have the same cache attributes of course.
* Zero attributes are represented as holes.
*
* Currently the data structure is a list because the number of mappings
* are expected to be relatively small. If this should be a problem
* it could be changed to a rbtree or similar.
*
* memtype_lock protects the whole list.
*/
struct memtype {
u64 start;
u64 end;
unsigned long type;
struct list_head nd;
};
static LIST_HEAD(memtype_list);
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(memtype_lock); /* protects memtype list */
/*
* Does intersection of PAT memory type and MTRR memory type and returns
* the resulting memory type as PAT understands it.
* (Type in pat and mtrr will not have same value)
* The intersection is based on "Effective Memory Type" tables in IA-32
* SDM vol 3a
*/
static unsigned long pat_x_mtrr_type(u64 start, u64 end, unsigned long req_type)
{
x86: fix Xorg crash with xf86MapVidMem error Clarify the usage of mtrr_lookup() in PAT code, and to make PAT code resilient to mtrr lookup problems. Specifically, pat_x_mtrr_type() is restructured to highlight, under what conditions we look for mtrr hint. pat_x_mtrr_type() uses a default type when there are any errors in mtrr lookup (still maintaining the pat consistency). And, reserve_memtype() highlights its usage ot mtrr_lookup for request type of '-1' and also defaults in a sane way on any mtrr lookup failure. pat.c looks at mtrr type of a range to get a hint on what mapping type to request when user/API: (1) hasn't specified any type (/dev/mem mapping) and we do not want to take performance hit by always mapping UC_MINUS. This will be the case for /dev/mem mappings used to map BIOS area or ACPI region which are WB'able. In this case, as long as MTRR is not WB, PAT will request UC_MINUS for such mappings. (2) user/API requests WB mapping while in reality MTRR may have UC or WC. In this case, PAT can map as WB (without checking MTRR) and still effective type will be UC or WC. But, a subsequent request to map same region as UC or WC may fail, as the region will get trackked as WB in PAT list. Looking at MTRR hint helps us to track based on effective type rather than what user requested. Again, here mtrr_lookup is only used as hint and we fallback to WB mapping (as requested by user) as default. In both cases, after using the mtrr hint, we still go through the memtype list to make sure there are no inconsistencies among multiple users. Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Tested-by: Rufus & Azrael <rufus-azrael@numericable.fr> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-05-29 19:01:44 +00:00
/*
* Look for MTRR hint to get the effective type in case where PAT
* request is for WB.
*/
if (req_type == _PAGE_CACHE_WB) {
u8 mtrr_type;
mtrr_type = mtrr_type_lookup(start, end);
if (mtrr_type == MTRR_TYPE_UNCACHABLE)
return _PAGE_CACHE_UC;
if (mtrr_type == MTRR_TYPE_WRCOMB)
return _PAGE_CACHE_WC;
}
return req_type;
}
static int
chk_conflict(struct memtype *new, struct memtype *entry, unsigned long *type)
{
if (new->type != entry->type) {
if (type) {
new->type = entry->type;
*type = entry->type;
} else
goto conflict;
}
/* check overlaps with more than one entry in the list */
list_for_each_entry_continue(entry, &memtype_list, nd) {
if (new->end <= entry->start)
break;
else if (new->type != entry->type)
goto conflict;
}
return 0;
conflict:
printk(KERN_INFO "%s:%d conflicting memory types "
"%Lx-%Lx %s<->%s\n", current->comm, current->pid, new->start,
new->end, cattr_name(new->type), cattr_name(entry->type));
return -EBUSY;
}
static struct memtype *cached_entry;
static u64 cached_start;
/*
* For RAM pages, mark the pages as non WB memory type using
* PageNonWB (PG_arch_1). We allow only one set_memory_uc() or
* set_memory_wc() on a RAM page at a time before marking it as WB again.
* This is ok, because only one driver will be owning the page and
* doing set_memory_*() calls.
*
* For now, we use PageNonWB to track that the RAM page is being mapped
* as non WB. In future, we will have to use one more flag
* (or some other mechanism in page_struct) to distinguish between
* UC and WC mapping.
*/
static int reserve_ram_pages_type(u64 start, u64 end, unsigned long req_type,
unsigned long *new_type)
{
struct page *page;
u64 pfn, end_pfn;
for (pfn = (start >> PAGE_SHIFT); pfn < (end >> PAGE_SHIFT); ++pfn) {
page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
if (page_mapped(page) || PageNonWB(page))
goto out;
SetPageNonWB(page);
}
return 0;
out:
end_pfn = pfn;
for (pfn = (start >> PAGE_SHIFT); pfn < end_pfn; ++pfn) {
page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
ClearPageNonWB(page);
}
return -EINVAL;
}
static int free_ram_pages_type(u64 start, u64 end)
{
struct page *page;
u64 pfn, end_pfn;
for (pfn = (start >> PAGE_SHIFT); pfn < (end >> PAGE_SHIFT); ++pfn) {
page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
if (page_mapped(page) || !PageNonWB(page))
goto out;
ClearPageNonWB(page);
}
return 0;
out:
end_pfn = pfn;
for (pfn = (start >> PAGE_SHIFT); pfn < end_pfn; ++pfn) {
page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
SetPageNonWB(page);
}
return -EINVAL;
}
/*
* req_type typically has one of the:
* - _PAGE_CACHE_WB
* - _PAGE_CACHE_WC
* - _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS
* - _PAGE_CACHE_UC
*
* req_type will have a special case value '-1', when requester want to inherit
* the memory type from mtrr (if WB), existing PAT, defaulting to UC_MINUS.
*
* If new_type is NULL, function will return an error if it cannot reserve the
* region with req_type. If new_type is non-NULL, function will return
* available type in new_type in case of no error. In case of any error
* it will return a negative return value.
*/
int reserve_memtype(u64 start, u64 end, unsigned long req_type,
unsigned long *new_type)
{
struct memtype *new, *entry;
unsigned long actual_type;
struct list_head *where;
int is_range_ram;
int err = 0;
BUG_ON(start >= end); /* end is exclusive */
if (!pat_enabled) {
/* This is identical to page table setting without PAT */
if (new_type) {
if (req_type == -1)
*new_type = _PAGE_CACHE_WB;
else
*new_type = req_type & _PAGE_CACHE_MASK;
}
return 0;
}
/* Low ISA region is always mapped WB in page table. No need to track */
if (is_ISA_range(start, end - 1)) {
if (new_type)
*new_type = _PAGE_CACHE_WB;
return 0;
}
if (req_type == -1) {
/*
x86: fix Xorg crash with xf86MapVidMem error Clarify the usage of mtrr_lookup() in PAT code, and to make PAT code resilient to mtrr lookup problems. Specifically, pat_x_mtrr_type() is restructured to highlight, under what conditions we look for mtrr hint. pat_x_mtrr_type() uses a default type when there are any errors in mtrr lookup (still maintaining the pat consistency). And, reserve_memtype() highlights its usage ot mtrr_lookup for request type of '-1' and also defaults in a sane way on any mtrr lookup failure. pat.c looks at mtrr type of a range to get a hint on what mapping type to request when user/API: (1) hasn't specified any type (/dev/mem mapping) and we do not want to take performance hit by always mapping UC_MINUS. This will be the case for /dev/mem mappings used to map BIOS area or ACPI region which are WB'able. In this case, as long as MTRR is not WB, PAT will request UC_MINUS for such mappings. (2) user/API requests WB mapping while in reality MTRR may have UC or WC. In this case, PAT can map as WB (without checking MTRR) and still effective type will be UC or WC. But, a subsequent request to map same region as UC or WC may fail, as the region will get trackked as WB in PAT list. Looking at MTRR hint helps us to track based on effective type rather than what user requested. Again, here mtrr_lookup is only used as hint and we fallback to WB mapping (as requested by user) as default. In both cases, after using the mtrr hint, we still go through the memtype list to make sure there are no inconsistencies among multiple users. Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Tested-by: Rufus & Azrael <rufus-azrael@numericable.fr> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-05-29 19:01:44 +00:00
* Call mtrr_lookup to get the type hint. This is an
* optimization for /dev/mem mmap'ers into WB memory (BIOS
* tools and ACPI tools). Use WB request for WB memory and use
* UC_MINUS otherwise.
*/
u8 mtrr_type = mtrr_type_lookup(start, end);
if (mtrr_type == MTRR_TYPE_WRBACK)
actual_type = _PAGE_CACHE_WB;
else
actual_type = _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS;
} else {
actual_type = pat_x_mtrr_type(start, end,
req_type & _PAGE_CACHE_MASK);
}
is_range_ram = pagerange_is_ram(start, end);
if (is_range_ram == 1)
return reserve_ram_pages_type(start, end, req_type, new_type);
else if (is_range_ram < 0)
return -EINVAL;
new = kmalloc(sizeof(struct memtype), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!new)
return -ENOMEM;
new->start = start;
new->end = end;
new->type = actual_type;
if (new_type)
*new_type = actual_type;
spin_lock(&memtype_lock);
if (cached_entry && start >= cached_start)
entry = cached_entry;
else
entry = list_entry(&memtype_list, struct memtype, nd);
/* Search for existing mapping that overlaps the current range */
where = NULL;
list_for_each_entry_continue(entry, &memtype_list, nd) {
if (end <= entry->start) {
where = entry->nd.prev;
cached_entry = list_entry(where, struct memtype, nd);
break;
} else if (start <= entry->start) { /* end > entry->start */
err = chk_conflict(new, entry, new_type);
if (!err) {
dprintk("Overlap at 0x%Lx-0x%Lx\n",
entry->start, entry->end);
where = entry->nd.prev;
cached_entry = list_entry(where,
struct memtype, nd);
}
break;
} else if (start < entry->end) { /* start > entry->start */
err = chk_conflict(new, entry, new_type);
if (!err) {
dprintk("Overlap at 0x%Lx-0x%Lx\n",
entry->start, entry->end);
cached_entry = list_entry(entry->nd.prev,
struct memtype, nd);
/*
* Move to right position in the linked
* list to add this new entry
*/
list_for_each_entry_continue(entry,
&memtype_list, nd) {
if (start <= entry->start) {
where = entry->nd.prev;
break;
}
}
}
break;
}
}
if (err) {
printk(KERN_INFO "reserve_memtype failed 0x%Lx-0x%Lx, "
"track %s, req %s\n",
start, end, cattr_name(new->type), cattr_name(req_type));
kfree(new);
spin_unlock(&memtype_lock);
return err;
}
cached_start = start;
if (where)
list_add(&new->nd, where);
else
list_add_tail(&new->nd, &memtype_list);
spin_unlock(&memtype_lock);
dprintk("reserve_memtype added 0x%Lx-0x%Lx, track %s, req %s, ret %s\n",
start, end, cattr_name(new->type), cattr_name(req_type),
new_type ? cattr_name(*new_type) : "-");
return err;
}
int free_memtype(u64 start, u64 end)
{
struct memtype *entry;
int err = -EINVAL;
int is_range_ram;
if (!pat_enabled)
return 0;
/* Low ISA region is always mapped WB. No need to track */
if (is_ISA_range(start, end - 1))
return 0;
is_range_ram = pagerange_is_ram(start, end);
if (is_range_ram == 1)
return free_ram_pages_type(start, end);
else if (is_range_ram < 0)
return -EINVAL;
spin_lock(&memtype_lock);
list_for_each_entry(entry, &memtype_list, nd) {
if (entry->start == start && entry->end == end) {
if (cached_entry == entry || cached_start == start)
cached_entry = NULL;
list_del(&entry->nd);
kfree(entry);
err = 0;
break;
}
}
spin_unlock(&memtype_lock);
if (err) {
printk(KERN_INFO "%s:%d freeing invalid memtype %Lx-%Lx\n",
current->comm, current->pid, start, end);
}
dprintk("free_memtype request 0x%Lx-0x%Lx\n", start, end);
return err;
}
pgprot_t phys_mem_access_prot(struct file *file, unsigned long pfn,
unsigned long size, pgprot_t vma_prot)
{
return vma_prot;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM
/* This check is done in drivers/char/mem.c in case of STRICT_DEVMEM*/
static inline int range_is_allowed(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size)
{
return 1;
}
#else
static inline int range_is_allowed(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size)
{
u64 from = ((u64)pfn) << PAGE_SHIFT;
u64 to = from + size;
u64 cursor = from;
while (cursor < to) {
if (!devmem_is_allowed(pfn)) {
printk(KERN_INFO
"Program %s tried to access /dev/mem between %Lx->%Lx.\n",
current->comm, from, to);
return 0;
}
cursor += PAGE_SIZE;
pfn++;
}
return 1;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM */
int phys_mem_access_prot_allowed(struct file *file, unsigned long pfn,
unsigned long size, pgprot_t *vma_prot)
{
u64 offset = ((u64) pfn) << PAGE_SHIFT;
unsigned long flags = -1;
int retval;
if (!range_is_allowed(pfn, size))
return 0;
if (file->f_flags & O_SYNC) {
flags = _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
/*
* On the PPro and successors, the MTRRs are used to set
* memory types for physical addresses outside main memory,
* so blindly setting UC or PWT on those pages is wrong.
* For Pentiums and earlier, the surround logic should disable
* caching for the high addresses through the KEN pin, but
* we maintain the tradition of paranoia in this code.
*/
if (!pat_enabled &&
!(boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_MTRR) ||
boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_K6_MTRR) ||
boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CYRIX_ARR) ||
boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CENTAUR_MCR)) &&
(pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) >= __pa(high_memory)) {
flags = _PAGE_CACHE_UC;
}
#endif
/*
* With O_SYNC, we can only take UC_MINUS mapping. Fail if we cannot.
*
* Without O_SYNC, we want to get
* - WB for WB-able memory and no other conflicting mappings
* - UC_MINUS for non-WB-able memory with no other conflicting mappings
* - Inherit from confliting mappings otherwise
*/
if (flags != -1) {
retval = reserve_memtype(offset, offset + size, flags, NULL);
} else {
x86: PAT fix Adrian Bunk noticed the following Coverity report: > Commit e7f260a276f2c9184fe753732d834b1f6fbe9f17 > (x86: PAT use reserve free memtype in mmap of /dev/mem) > added the following gem to arch/x86/mm/pat.c: > > <-- snip --> > > ... > int phys_mem_access_prot_allowed(struct file *file, unsigned long pfn, > unsigned long size, pgprot_t *vma_prot) > { > u64 offset = ((u64) pfn) << PAGE_SHIFT; > unsigned long flags = _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS; > unsigned long ret_flags; > ... > ... (nothing that touches ret_flags) > ... > if (flags != _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS) { > retval = reserve_memtype(offset, offset + size, flags, NULL); > } else { > retval = reserve_memtype(offset, offset + size, -1, &ret_flags); > } > > if (retval < 0) > return 0; > > flags = ret_flags; > > if (pfn <= max_pfn_mapped && > ioremap_change_attr((unsigned long)__va(offset), size, flags) < 0) { > free_memtype(offset, offset + size); > printk(KERN_INFO > "%s:%d /dev/mem ioremap_change_attr failed %s for %Lx-%Lx\n", > current->comm, current->pid, > cattr_name(flags), > offset, offset + size); > return 0; > } > > *vma_prot = __pgprot((pgprot_val(*vma_prot) & ~_PAGE_CACHE_MASK) | > flags); > return 1; > } > > <-- snip --> > > If (flags != _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS) we pass garbage from the stack to > ioremap_change_attr() and/or __pgprot(). > > Spotted by the Coverity checker. the fix simplifies the code as we get rid of the 'ret_flags' complication. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-03-21 14:42:28 +00:00
retval = reserve_memtype(offset, offset + size, -1, &flags);
}
if (retval < 0)
return 0;
if (((pfn < max_low_pfn_mapped) ||
(pfn >= (1UL<<(32 - PAGE_SHIFT)) && pfn < max_pfn_mapped)) &&
ioremap_change_attr((unsigned long)__va(offset), size, flags) < 0) {
free_memtype(offset, offset + size);
printk(KERN_INFO
"%s:%d /dev/mem ioremap_change_attr failed %s for %Lx-%Lx\n",
current->comm, current->pid,
cattr_name(flags),
offset, (unsigned long long)(offset + size));
return 0;
}
*vma_prot = __pgprot((pgprot_val(*vma_prot) & ~_PAGE_CACHE_MASK) |
flags);
return 1;
}
void map_devmem(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size, pgprot_t vma_prot)
{
unsigned long want_flags = (pgprot_val(vma_prot) & _PAGE_CACHE_MASK);
u64 addr = (u64)pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
unsigned long flags;
reserve_memtype(addr, addr + size, want_flags, &flags);
if (flags != want_flags) {
printk(KERN_INFO
"%s:%d /dev/mem expected mapping type %s for %Lx-%Lx, got %s\n",
current->comm, current->pid,
cattr_name(want_flags),
addr, (unsigned long long)(addr + size),
cattr_name(flags));
}
}
void unmap_devmem(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size, pgprot_t vma_prot)
{
u64 addr = (u64)pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
free_memtype(addr, addr + size);
}
#if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS) && defined(CONFIG_X86_PAT)
/* get Nth element of the linked list */
static struct memtype *memtype_get_idx(loff_t pos)
{
struct memtype *list_node, *print_entry;
int i = 1;
print_entry = kmalloc(sizeof(struct memtype), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!print_entry)
return NULL;
spin_lock(&memtype_lock);
list_for_each_entry(list_node, &memtype_list, nd) {
if (pos == i) {
*print_entry = *list_node;
spin_unlock(&memtype_lock);
return print_entry;
}
++i;
}
spin_unlock(&memtype_lock);
kfree(print_entry);
return NULL;
}
static void *memtype_seq_start(struct seq_file *seq, loff_t *pos)
{
if (*pos == 0) {
++*pos;
seq_printf(seq, "PAT memtype list:\n");
}
return memtype_get_idx(*pos);
}
static void *memtype_seq_next(struct seq_file *seq, void *v, loff_t *pos)
{
++*pos;
return memtype_get_idx(*pos);
}
static void memtype_seq_stop(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
}
static int memtype_seq_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
struct memtype *print_entry = (struct memtype *)v;
seq_printf(seq, "%s @ 0x%Lx-0x%Lx\n", cattr_name(print_entry->type),
print_entry->start, print_entry->end);
kfree(print_entry);
return 0;
}
static struct seq_operations memtype_seq_ops = {
.start = memtype_seq_start,
.next = memtype_seq_next,
.stop = memtype_seq_stop,
.show = memtype_seq_show,
};
static int memtype_seq_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
return seq_open(file, &memtype_seq_ops);
}
static const struct file_operations memtype_fops = {
.open = memtype_seq_open,
.read = seq_read,
.llseek = seq_lseek,
.release = seq_release,
};
static int __init pat_memtype_list_init(void)
{
debugfs_create_file("pat_memtype_list", S_IRUSR, arch_debugfs_dir,
NULL, &memtype_fops);
return 0;
}
late_initcall(pat_memtype_list_init);
#endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_FS && CONFIG_X86_PAT */