linux/drivers/block/hd.c

/*
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
 *
 * This is the low-level hd interrupt support. It traverses the
 * request-list, using interrupts to jump between functions. As
 * all the functions are called within interrupts, we may not
 * sleep. Special care is recommended.
 *
 *  modified by Drew Eckhardt to check nr of hd's from the CMOS.
 *
 *  Thanks to Branko Lankester, lankeste@fwi.uva.nl, who found a bug
 *  in the early extended-partition checks and added DM partitions
 *
 *  IRQ-unmask, drive-id, multiple-mode, support for ">16 heads",
 *  and general streamlining by Mark Lord.
 *
 *  Removed 99% of above. Use Mark's ide driver for those options.
 *  This is now a lightweight ST-506 driver. (Paul Gortmaker)
 *
 *  Modified 1995 Russell King for ARM processor.
 *
 *  Bugfix: max_sectors must be <= 255 or the wheels tend to come
 *  off in a hurry once you queue things up - Paul G. 02/2001
 */

/* Uncomment the following if you want verbose error reports. */
/* #define VERBOSE_ERRORS */

#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/signal.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/genhd.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ioport.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/blkpg.h>
#include <linux/ata.h>
#include <linux/hdreg.h>

#define HD_IRQ 14

#define REALLY_SLOW_IO
#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>

#ifdef __arm__
#undef  HD_IRQ
#endif
#include <asm/irq.h>
#ifdef __arm__
#define HD_IRQ IRQ_HARDDISK
#endif

/* Hd controller regster ports */

#define HD_DATA		0x1f0		/* _CTL when writing */
#define HD_ERROR	0x1f1		/* see err-bits */
#define HD_NSECTOR	0x1f2		/* nr of sectors to read/write */
#define HD_SECTOR	0x1f3		/* starting sector */
#define HD_LCYL		0x1f4		/* starting cylinder */
#define HD_HCYL		0x1f5		/* high byte of starting cyl */
#define HD_CURRENT	0x1f6		/* 101dhhhh , d=drive, hhhh=head */
#define HD_STATUS	0x1f7		/* see status-bits */
#define HD_FEATURE	HD_ERROR	/* same io address, read=error, write=feature */
#define HD_PRECOMP	HD_FEATURE	/* obsolete use of this port - predates IDE */
#define HD_COMMAND	HD_STATUS	/* same io address, read=status, write=cmd */

#define HD_CMD		0x3f6		/* used for resets */
#define HD_ALTSTATUS	0x3f6		/* same as HD_STATUS but doesn't clear irq */

/* Bits of HD_STATUS */
#define ERR_STAT		0x01
#define INDEX_STAT		0x02
#define ECC_STAT		0x04	/* Corrected error */
#define DRQ_STAT		0x08
#define SEEK_STAT		0x10
#define SERVICE_STAT		SEEK_STAT
#define WRERR_STAT		0x20
#define READY_STAT		0x40
#define BUSY_STAT		0x80

/* Bits for HD_ERROR */
#define MARK_ERR		0x01	/* Bad address mark */
#define TRK0_ERR		0x02	/* couldn't find track 0 */
#define ABRT_ERR		0x04	/* Command aborted */
#define MCR_ERR			0x08	/* media change request */
#define ID_ERR			0x10	/* ID field not found */
#define MC_ERR			0x20	/* media changed */
#define ECC_ERR			0x40	/* Uncorrectable ECC error */
#define BBD_ERR			0x80	/* pre-EIDE meaning:  block marked bad */
#define ICRC_ERR		0x80	/* new meaning:  CRC error during transfer */

static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(hd_lock);
static struct request_queue *hd_queue;
static struct request *hd_req;

#define TIMEOUT_VALUE	(6*HZ)
#define	HD_DELAY	0

#define MAX_ERRORS     16	/* Max read/write errors/sector */
#define RESET_FREQ      8	/* Reset controller every 8th retry */
#define RECAL_FREQ      4	/* Recalibrate every 4th retry */
#define MAX_HD		2

#define STAT_OK		(READY_STAT|SEEK_STAT)
#define OK_STATUS(s)	(((s)&(STAT_OK|(BUSY_STAT|WRERR_STAT|ERR_STAT)))==STAT_OK)

static void recal_intr(void);
static void bad_rw_intr(void);

static int reset;
static int hd_error;

/*
 *  This struct defines the HD's and their types.
 */
struct hd_i_struct {
	unsigned int head, sect, cyl, wpcom, lzone, ctl;
	int unit;
	int recalibrate;
	int special_op;
};

#ifdef HD_TYPE
static struct hd_i_struct hd_info[] = { HD_TYPE };
static int NR_HD = ARRAY_SIZE(hd_info);
#else
static struct hd_i_struct hd_info[MAX_HD];
static int NR_HD;
#endif

static struct gendisk *hd_gendisk[MAX_HD];

static struct timer_list device_timer;

#define TIMEOUT_VALUE (6*HZ)

#define SET_TIMER							\
	do {								\
		mod_timer(&device_timer, jiffies + TIMEOUT_VALUE);	\
	} while (0)

static void (*do_hd)(void) = NULL;
#define SET_HANDLER(x) \
if ((do_hd = (x)) != NULL) \
	SET_TIMER; \
else \
	del_timer(&device_timer);


#if (HD_DELAY > 0)

#include <asm/i8253.h>

unsigned long last_req;

unsigned long read_timer(void)
{
	unsigned long t, flags;
	int i;

	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&i8253_lock, flags);
	t = jiffies * 11932;
	outb_p(0, 0x43);
	i = inb_p(0x40);
	i |= inb(0x40) << 8;
	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&i8253_lock, flags);
	return(t - i);
}
#endif

static void __init hd_setup(char *str, int *ints)
{
	int hdind = 0;

	if (ints[0] != 3)
		return;
	if (hd_info[0].head != 0)
		hdind = 1;
	hd_info[hdind].head = ints[2];
	hd_info[hdind].sect = ints[3];
	hd_info[hdind].cyl = ints[1];
	hd_info[hdind].wpcom = 0;
	hd_info[hdind].lzone = ints[1];
	hd_info[hdind].ctl = (ints[2] > 8 ? 8 : 0);
	NR_HD = hdind+1;
}

static bool hd_end_request(int err, unsigned int bytes)
{
	if (__blk_end_request(hd_req, err, bytes))
		return true;
	hd_req = NULL;
	return false;
}

static bool hd_end_request_cur(int err)
{
	return hd_end_request(err, blk_rq_cur_bytes(hd_req));
}

static void dump_status(const char *msg, unsigned int stat)
{
	char *name = "hd?";
	if (hd_req)
		name = hd_req->rq_disk->disk_name;

#ifdef VERBOSE_ERRORS
	printk("%s: %s: status=0x%02x { ", name, msg, stat & 0xff);
	if (stat & BUSY_STAT)	printk("Busy ");
	if (stat & READY_STAT)	printk("DriveReady ");
	if (stat & WRERR_STAT)	printk("WriteFault ");
	if (stat & SEEK_STAT)	printk("SeekComplete ");
	if (stat & DRQ_STAT)	printk("DataRequest ");
	if (stat & ECC_STAT)	printk("CorrectedError ");
	if (stat & INDEX_STAT)	printk("Index ");
	if (stat & ERR_STAT)	printk("Error ");
	printk("}\n");
	if ((stat & ERR_STAT) == 0) {
		hd_error = 0;
	} else {
		hd_error = inb(HD_ERROR);
		printk("%s: %s: error=0x%02x { ", name, msg, hd_error & 0xff);
		if (hd_error & BBD_ERR)		printk("BadSector ");
		if (hd_error & ECC_ERR)		printk("UncorrectableError ");
		if (hd_error & ID_ERR)		printk("SectorIdNotFound ");
		if (hd_error & ABRT_ERR)	printk("DriveStatusError ");
		if (hd_error & TRK0_ERR)	printk("TrackZeroNotFound ");
		if (hd_error & MARK_ERR)	printk("AddrMarkNotFound ");
		printk("}");
		if (hd_error & (BBD_ERR|ECC_ERR|ID_ERR|MARK_ERR)) {
			printk(", CHS=%d/%d/%d", (inb(HD_HCYL)<<8) + inb(HD_LCYL),
				inb(HD_CURRENT) & 0xf, inb(HD_SECTOR));
			if (hd_req)
				printk(", sector=%ld", blk_rq_pos(hd_req));
		}
		printk("\n");
	}
#else
	printk("%s: %s: status=0x%02x.\n", name, msg, stat & 0xff);
	if ((stat & ERR_STAT) == 0) {
		hd_error = 0;
	} else {
		hd_error = inb(HD_ERROR);
		printk("%s: %s: error=0x%02x.\n", name, msg, hd_error & 0xff);
	}
#endif
}

static void check_status(void)
{
	int i = inb_p(HD_STATUS);

	if (!OK_STATUS(i)) {
		dump_status("check_status", i);
		bad_rw_intr();
	}
}

static int controller_busy(void)
{
	int retries = 100000;
	unsigned char status;

	do {
		status = inb_p(HD_STATUS);
	} while ((status & BUSY_STAT) && --retries);
	return status;
}

static int status_ok(void)
{
	unsigned char status = inb_p(HD_STATUS);

	if (status & BUSY_STAT)
		return 1;	/* Ancient, but does it make sense??? */
	if (status & WRERR_STAT)
		return 0;
	if (!(status & READY_STAT))
		return 0;
	if (!(status & SEEK_STAT))
		return 0;
	return 1;
}

static int controller_ready(unsigned int drive, unsigned int head)
{
	int retry = 100;

	do {
		if (controller_busy() & BUSY_STAT)
			return 0;
		outb_p(0xA0 | (drive<<4) | head, HD_CURRENT);
		if (status_ok())
			return 1;
	} while (--retry);
	return 0;
}

static void hd_out(struct hd_i_struct *disk,
		   unsigned int nsect,
		   unsigned int sect,
		   unsigned int head,
		   unsigned int cyl,
		   unsigned int cmd,
		   void (*intr_addr)(void))
{
	unsigned short port;

#if (HD_DELAY > 0)
	while (read_timer() - last_req < HD_DELAY)
		/* nothing */;
#endif
	if (reset)
		return;
	if (!controller_ready(disk->unit, head)) {
		reset = 1;
		return;
	}
	SET_HANDLER(intr_addr);
	outb_p(disk->ctl, HD_CMD);
	port = HD_DATA;
	outb_p(disk->wpcom >> 2, ++port);
	outb_p(nsect, ++port);
	outb_p(sect, ++port);
	outb_p(cyl, ++port);
	outb_p(cyl >> 8, ++port);
	outb_p(0xA0 | (disk->unit << 4) | head, ++port);
	outb_p(cmd, ++port);
}

static void hd_request (void);

static int drive_busy(void)
{
	unsigned int i;
	unsigned char c;

	for (i = 0; i < 500000 ; i++) {
		c = inb_p(HD_STATUS);
		if ((c & (BUSY_STAT | READY_STAT | SEEK_STAT)) == STAT_OK)
			return 0;
	}
	dump_status("reset timed out", c);
	return 1;
}

static void reset_controller(void)
{
	int	i;

	outb_p(4, HD_CMD);
	for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) barrier();
	outb_p(hd_info[0].ctl & 0x0f, HD_CMD);
	for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) barrier();
	if (drive_busy())
		printk("hd: controller still busy\n");
	else if ((hd_error = inb(HD_ERROR)) != 1)
		printk("hd: controller reset failed: %02x\n", hd_error);
}

static void reset_hd(void)
{
	static int i;

repeat:
	if (reset) {
		reset = 0;
		i = -1;
		reset_controller();
	} else {
		check_status();
		if (reset)
			goto repeat;
	}
	if (++i < NR_HD) {
		struct hd_i_struct *disk = &hd_info[i];
		disk->special_op = disk->recalibrate = 1;
		hd_out(disk, disk->sect, disk->sect, disk->head-1,
			disk->cyl, ATA_CMD_INIT_DEV_PARAMS, &reset_hd);
		if (reset)
			goto repeat;
	} else
		hd_request();
}

/*
 * Ok, don't know what to do with the unexpected interrupts: on some machines
 * doing a reset and a retry seems to result in an eternal loop. Right now I
 * ignore it, and just set the timeout.
 *
 * On laptops (and "green" PCs), an unexpected interrupt occurs whenever the
 * drive enters "idle", "standby", or "sleep" mode, so if the status looks
 * "good", we just ignore the interrupt completely.
 */
static void unexpected_hd_interrupt(void)
{
	unsigned int stat = inb_p(HD_STATUS);

	if (stat & (BUSY_STAT|DRQ_STAT|ECC_STAT|ERR_STAT)) {
		dump_status("unexpected interrupt", stat);
		SET_TIMER;
	}
}

/*
 * bad_rw_intr() now tries to be a bit smarter and does things
 * according to the error returned by the controller.
 * -Mika Liljeberg (liljeber@cs.Helsinki.FI)
 */
static void bad_rw_intr(void)
{
	struct request *req = hd_req;

	if (req != NULL) {
		struct hd_i_struct *disk = req->rq_disk->private_data;
		if (++req->errors >= MAX_ERRORS || (hd_error & BBD_ERR)) {
			hd_end_request_cur(-EIO);
			disk->special_op = disk->recalibrate = 1;
		} else if (req->errors % RESET_FREQ == 0)
			reset = 1;
		else if ((hd_error & TRK0_ERR) || req->errors % RECAL_FREQ == 0)
			disk->special_op = disk->recalibrate = 1;
		/* Otherwise just retry */
	}
}

static inline int wait_DRQ(void)
{
	int retries;
	int stat;

	for (retries = 0; retries < 100000; retries++) {
		stat = inb_p(HD_STATUS);
		if (stat & DRQ_STAT)
			return 0;
	}
	dump_status("wait_DRQ", stat);
	return -1;
}

static void read_intr(void)
{
	struct request *req;
	int i, retries = 100000;

	do {
		i = (unsigned) inb_p(HD_STATUS);
		if (i & BUSY_STAT)
			continue;
		if (!OK_STATUS(i))
			break;
		if (i & DRQ_STAT)
			goto ok_to_read;
	} while (--retries > 0);
	dump_status("read_intr", i);
	bad_rw_intr();
	hd_request();
	return;

ok_to_read:
	req = hd_req;
	insw(HD_DATA, req->buffer, 256);
#ifdef DEBUG
	printk("%s: read: sector %ld, remaining = %u, buffer=%p\n",
	       req->rq_disk->disk_name, blk_rq_pos(req) + 1,
	       blk_rq_sectors(req) - 1, req->buffer+512);
#endif
	if (hd_end_request(0, 512)) {
		SET_HANDLER(&read_intr);
		return;
	}

	(void) inb_p(HD_STATUS);
#if (HD_DELAY > 0)
	last_req = read_timer();
#endif
	hd_request();
}

static void write_intr(void)
{
	struct request *req = hd_req;
	int i;
	int retries = 100000;

	do {
		i = (unsigned) inb_p(HD_STATUS);
		if (i & BUSY_STAT)
			continue;
		if (!OK_STATUS(i))
			break;
		if ((blk_rq_sectors(req) <= 1) || (i & DRQ_STAT))
			goto ok_to_write;
	} while (--retries > 0);
	dump_status("write_intr", i);
	bad_rw_intr();
	hd_request();
	return;

ok_to_write:
	if (hd_end_request(0, 512)) {
		SET_HANDLER(&write_intr);
		outsw(HD_DATA, req->buffer, 256);
		return;
	}

#if (HD_DELAY > 0)
	last_req = read_timer();
#endif
	hd_request();
}

static void recal_intr(void)
{
	check_status();
#if (HD_DELAY > 0)
	last_req = read_timer();
#endif
	hd_request();
}

/*
 * This is another of the error-routines I don't know what to do with. The
 * best idea seems to just set reset, and start all over again.
 */
static void hd_times_out(unsigned long dummy)
{
	char *name;

	do_hd = NULL;

	if (!hd_req)
		return;

	spin_lock_irq(hd_queue->queue_lock);
	reset = 1;
	name = hd_req->rq_disk->disk_name;
	printk("%s: timeout\n", name);
	if (++hd_req->errors >= MAX_ERRORS) {
#ifdef DEBUG
		printk("%s: too many errors\n", name);
#endif
		hd_end_request_cur(-EIO);
	}
	hd_request();
	spin_unlock_irq(hd_queue->queue_lock);
}

static int do_special_op(struct hd_i_struct *disk, struct request *req)
{
	if (disk->recalibrate) {
		disk->recalibrate = 0;
		hd_out(disk, disk->sect, 0, 0, 0, ATA_CMD_RESTORE, &recal_intr);
		return reset;
	}
	if (disk->head > 16) {
		printk("%s: cannot handle device with more than 16 heads - giving up\n", req->rq_disk->disk_name);
		hd_end_request_cur(-EIO);
	}
	disk->special_op = 0;
	return 1;
}

/*
 * The driver enables interrupts as much as possible.  In order to do this,
 * (a) the device-interrupt is disabled before entering hd_request(),
 * and (b) the timeout-interrupt is disabled before the sti().
 *
 * Interrupts are still masked (by default) whenever we are exchanging
 * data/cmds with a drive, because some drives seem to have very poor
 * tolerance for latency during I/O. The IDE driver has support to unmask
 * interrupts for non-broken hardware, so use that driver if required.
 */
static void hd_request(void)
{
	unsigned int block, nsect, sec, track, head, cyl;
	struct hd_i_struct *disk;
	struct request *req;

	if (do_hd)
		return;
repeat:
	del_timer(&device_timer);

	if (!hd_req) {
		hd_req = blk_fetch_request(hd_queue);
		if (!hd_req) {
			do_hd = NULL;
			return;
		}
	}
	req = hd_req;

	if (reset) {
		reset_hd();
		return;
	}
	disk = req->rq_disk->private_data;
	block = blk_rq_pos(req);
	nsect = blk_rq_sectors(req);
	if (block >= get_capacity(req->rq_disk) ||
	    ((block+nsect) > get_capacity(req->rq_disk))) {
		printk("%s: bad access: block=%d, count=%d\n",
			req->rq_disk->disk_name, block, nsect);
		hd_end_request_cur(-EIO);
		goto repeat;
	}

	if (disk->special_op) {
		if (do_special_op(disk, req))
			goto repeat;
		return;
	}
	sec   = block % disk->sect + 1;
	track = block / disk->sect;
	head  = track % disk->head;
	cyl   = track / disk->head;
#ifdef DEBUG
	printk("%s: %sing: CHS=%d/%d/%d, sectors=%d, buffer=%p\n",
		req->rq_disk->disk_name,
		req_data_dir(req) == READ ? "read" : "writ",
		cyl, head, sec, nsect, req->buffer);
#endif
	if (blk_fs_request(req)) {
		switch (rq_data_dir(req)) {
		case READ:
			hd_out(disk, nsect, sec, head, cyl, ATA_CMD_PIO_READ,
				&read_intr);
			if (reset)
				goto repeat;
			break;
		case WRITE:
			hd_out(disk, nsect, sec, head, cyl, ATA_CMD_PIO_WRITE,
				&write_intr);
			if (reset)
				goto repeat;
			if (wait_DRQ()) {
				bad_rw_intr();
				goto repeat;
			}
			outsw(HD_DATA, req->buffer, 256);
			break;
		default:
			printk("unknown hd-command\n");
			hd_end_request_cur(-EIO);
			break;
		}
	}
}

static void do_hd_request(struct request_queue *q)
{
	hd_request();
}

static int hd_getgeo(struct block_device *bdev, struct hd_geometry *geo)
{
	struct hd_i_struct *disk = bdev->bd_disk->private_data;

	geo->heads = disk->head;
	geo->sectors = disk->sect;
	geo->cylinders = disk->cyl;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Releasing a block device means we sync() it, so that it can safely
 * be forgotten about...
 */

static irqreturn_t hd_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
	void (*handler)(void) = do_hd;

	spin_lock(hd_queue->queue_lock);

	do_hd = NULL;
	del_timer(&device_timer);
	if (!handler)
		handler = unexpected_hd_interrupt;
	handler();

	spin_unlock(hd_queue->queue_lock);

	return IRQ_HANDLED;
}

static const struct block_device_operations hd_fops = {
	.getgeo =	hd_getgeo,
};

/*
 * This is the hard disk IRQ description. The IRQF_DISABLED in sa_flags
 * means we run the IRQ-handler with interrupts disabled:  this is bad for
 * interrupt latency, but anything else has led to problems on some
 * machines.
 *
 * We enable interrupts in some of the routines after making sure it's
 * safe.
 */

static int __init hd_init(void)
{
	int drive;

	if (register_blkdev(HD_MAJOR, "hd"))
		return -1;

	hd_queue = blk_init_queue(do_hd_request, &hd_lock);
	if (!hd_queue) {
		unregister_blkdev(HD_MAJOR, "hd");
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	blk_queue_max_hw_sectors(hd_queue, 255);
	init_timer(&device_timer);
	device_timer.function = hd_times_out;
	blk_queue_logical_block_size(hd_queue, 512);

	if (!NR_HD) {
		/*
		 * We don't know anything about the drive.  This means
		 * that you *MUST* specify the drive parameters to the
		 * kernel yourself.
		 *
		 * If we were on an i386, we used to read this info from
		 * the BIOS or CMOS.  This doesn't work all that well,
		 * since this assumes that this is a primary or secondary
		 * drive, and if we're using this legacy driver, it's
		 * probably an auxilliary controller added to recover
		 * legacy data off an ST-506 drive.  Either way, it's
		 * definitely safest to have the user explicitly specify
		 * the information.
		 */
		printk("hd: no drives specified - use hd=cyl,head,sectors"
			" on kernel command line\n");
		goto out;
	}

	for (drive = 0 ; drive < NR_HD ; drive++) {
		struct gendisk *disk = alloc_disk(64);
		struct hd_i_struct *p = &hd_info[drive];
		if (!disk)
			goto Enomem;
		disk->major = HD_MAJOR;
		disk->first_minor = drive << 6;
		disk->fops = &hd_fops;
		sprintf(disk->disk_name, "hd%c", 'a'+drive);
		disk->private_data = p;
		set_capacity(disk, p->head * p->sect * p->cyl);
		disk->queue = hd_queue;
		p->unit = drive;
		hd_gendisk[drive] = disk;
		printk("%s: %luMB, CHS=%d/%d/%d\n",
			disk->disk_name, (unsigned long)get_capacity(disk)/2048,
			p->cyl, p->head, p->sect);
	}

	if (request_irq(HD_IRQ, hd_interrupt, IRQF_DISABLED, "hd", NULL)) {
		printk("hd: unable to get IRQ%d for the hard disk driver\n",
			HD_IRQ);
		goto out1;
	}
	if (!request_region(HD_DATA, 8, "hd")) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "hd: port 0x%x busy\n", HD_DATA);
		goto out2;
	}
	if (!request_region(HD_CMD, 1, "hd(cmd)")) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "hd: port 0x%x busy\n", HD_CMD);
		goto out3;
	}

	/* Let them fly */
	for (drive = 0; drive < NR_HD; drive++)
		add_disk(hd_gendisk[drive]);

	return 0;

out3:
	release_region(HD_DATA, 8);
out2:
	free_irq(HD_IRQ, NULL);
out1:
	for (drive = 0; drive < NR_HD; drive++)
		put_disk(hd_gendisk[drive]);
	NR_HD = 0;
out:
	del_timer(&device_timer);
	unregister_blkdev(HD_MAJOR, "hd");
	blk_cleanup_queue(hd_queue);
	return -1;
Enomem:
	while (drive--)
		put_disk(hd_gendisk[drive]);
	goto out;
}

static int __init parse_hd_setup(char *line)
{
	int ints[6];

	(void) get_options(line, ARRAY_SIZE(ints), ints);
	hd_setup(NULL, ints);

	return 1;
}
__setup("hd=", parse_hd_setup);

late_initcall(hd_init);