linux/include/asm-x86_64/kprobes.h
Rusty Lynch 73649dab0f [PATCH] x86_64 specific function return probes
The following patch adds the x86_64 architecture specific implementation
for function return probes.

Function return probes is a mechanism built on top of kprobes that allows
a caller to register a handler to be called when a given function exits.
For example, to instrument the return path of sys_mkdir:

static int sys_mkdir_exit(struct kretprobe_instance *i, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	printk("sys_mkdir exited\n");
	return 0;
}
static struct kretprobe return_probe = {
	.handler = sys_mkdir_exit,
};

<inside setup function>

return_probe.kp.addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *) kallsyms_lookup_name("sys_mkdir");
if (register_kretprobe(&return_probe)) {
	printk(KERN_DEBUG "Unable to register return probe!\n");
	/* do error path */
}

<inside cleanup function>
unregister_kretprobe(&return_probe);

The way this works is that:

* At system initialization time, kernel/kprobes.c installs a kprobe
  on a function called kretprobe_trampoline() that is implemented in
  the arch/x86_64/kernel/kprobes.c  (More on this later)

* When a return probe is registered using register_kretprobe(),
  kernel/kprobes.c will install a kprobe on the first instruction of the
  targeted function with the pre handler set to arch_prepare_kretprobe()
  which is implemented in arch/x86_64/kernel/kprobes.c.

* arch_prepare_kretprobe() will prepare a kretprobe instance that stores:
  - nodes for hanging this instance in an empty or free list
  - a pointer to the return probe
  - the original return address
  - a pointer to the stack address

  With all this stowed away, arch_prepare_kretprobe() then sets the return
  address for the targeted function to a special trampoline function called
  kretprobe_trampoline() implemented in arch/x86_64/kernel/kprobes.c

* The kprobe completes as normal, with control passing back to the target
  function that executes as normal, and eventually returns to our trampoline
  function.

* Since a kprobe was installed on kretprobe_trampoline() during system
  initialization, control passes back to kprobes via the architecture
  specific function trampoline_probe_handler() which will lookup the
  instance in an hlist maintained by kernel/kprobes.c, and then call
  the handler function.

* When trampoline_probe_handler() is done, the kprobes infrastructure
  single steps the original instruction (in this case just a top), and
  then calls trampoline_post_handler().  trampoline_post_handler() then
  looks up the instance again, puts the instance back on the free list,
  and then makes a long jump back to the original return instruction.

So to recap, to instrument the exit path of a function this implementation
will cause four interruptions:

  - A breakpoint at the very beginning of the function allowing us to
    switch out the return address
  - A single step interruption to execute the original instruction that
    we replaced with the break instruction (normal kprobe flow)
  - A breakpoint in the trampoline function where our instrumented function
    returned to
  - A single step interruption to execute the original instruction that
    we replaced with the break instruction (normal kprobe flow)

Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-23 09:45:21 -07:00

66 lines
2.2 KiB
C

#ifndef _ASM_KPROBES_H
#define _ASM_KPROBES_H
/*
* Kernel Probes (KProbes)
* include/asm-x86_64/kprobes.h
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
*
* Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2002, 2004
*
* 2004-Oct Prasanna S Panchamukhi <prasanna@in.ibm.com> and Jim Keniston
* kenistoj@us.ibm.com adopted from i386.
*/
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
struct pt_regs;
typedef u8 kprobe_opcode_t;
#define BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION 0xcc
#define MAX_INSN_SIZE 15
#define MAX_STACK_SIZE 64
#define MIN_STACK_SIZE(ADDR) (((MAX_STACK_SIZE) < \
(((unsigned long)current_thread_info()) + THREAD_SIZE - (ADDR))) \
? (MAX_STACK_SIZE) \
: (((unsigned long)current_thread_info()) + THREAD_SIZE - (ADDR)))
#define JPROBE_ENTRY(pentry) (kprobe_opcode_t *)pentry
#define ARCH_SUPPORTS_KRETPROBES
void kretprobe_trampoline(void);
/* Architecture specific copy of original instruction*/
struct arch_specific_insn {
/* copy of the original instruction */
kprobe_opcode_t *insn;
};
/* trap3/1 are intr gates for kprobes. So, restore the status of IF,
* if necessary, before executing the original int3/1 (trap) handler.
*/
static inline void restore_interrupts(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
if (regs->eflags & IF_MASK)
local_irq_enable();
}
extern int post_kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs *regs);
extern int kprobe_fault_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, int trapnr);
extern int kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs *regs);
extern int kprobe_exceptions_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
unsigned long val, void *data);
#endif /* _ASM_KPROBES_H */