f522d23961
Special file in each w1 slave device's directory called "rw" is created each time new slave and no appropriate w1 family is registered. "rw" file supports read and write operations, which allows to perform almost any kind of operations. Each logical operation is a transaction in nature, which can contain several (two or one) low-level operations. Let's see how one can read EEPROM context: 1. one must write control buffer, i.e. buffer containing command byte and two byte address. At this step bus is reset and appropriate device is selected using either W1_SKIP_ROM or W1_MATCH_ROM command. Then provided control buffer is being written to the wire. 2. reading. This will issue reading eeprom response. It is possible that between 1. and 2. w1 master thread will reset bus for searching and slave device will be even removed, but in this case 0xff will be read, since no device was selected. Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
104 lines
4.4 KiB
Text
104 lines
4.4 KiB
Text
The 1-wire (w1) subsystem
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
The 1-wire bus is a simple master-slave bus that communicates via a single
|
|
signal wire (plus ground, so two wires).
|
|
|
|
Devices communicate on the bus by pulling the signal to ground via an open
|
|
drain output and by sampling the logic level of the signal line.
|
|
|
|
The w1 subsystem provides the framework for managing w1 masters and
|
|
communication with slaves.
|
|
|
|
All w1 slave devices must be connected to a w1 bus master device.
|
|
|
|
Example w1 master devices:
|
|
DS9490 usb device
|
|
W1-over-GPIO
|
|
DS2482 (i2c to w1 bridge)
|
|
Emulated devices, such as a RS232 converter, parallel port adapter, etc
|
|
|
|
|
|
What does the w1 subsystem do?
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
When a w1 master driver registers with the w1 subsystem, the following occurs:
|
|
|
|
- sysfs entries for that w1 master are created
|
|
- the w1 bus is periodically searched for new slave devices
|
|
|
|
When a device is found on the bus, w1 core checks if driver for it's family is
|
|
loaded. If so, the family driver is attached to the slave.
|
|
If there is no driver for the family, default one is assigned, which allows to perform
|
|
almost any kind of operations. Each logical operation is a transaction
|
|
in nature, which can contain several (two or one) low-level operations.
|
|
Let's see how one can read EEPROM context:
|
|
1. one must write control buffer, i.e. buffer containing command byte
|
|
and two byte address. At this step bus is reset and appropriate device
|
|
is selected using either W1_SKIP_ROM or W1_MATCH_ROM command.
|
|
Then provided control buffer is being written to the wire.
|
|
2. reading. This will issue reading eeprom response.
|
|
|
|
It is possible that between 1. and 2. w1 master thread will reset bus for searching
|
|
and slave device will be even removed, but in this case 0xff will
|
|
be read, since no device was selected.
|
|
|
|
|
|
W1 device families
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Slave devices are handled by a driver written for a family of w1 devices.
|
|
|
|
A family driver populates a struct w1_family_ops (see w1_family.h) and
|
|
registers with the w1 subsystem.
|
|
|
|
Current family drivers:
|
|
w1_therm - (ds18?20 thermal sensor family driver)
|
|
provides temperature reading function which is bound to ->rbin() method
|
|
of the above w1_family_ops structure.
|
|
|
|
w1_smem - driver for simple 64bit memory cell provides ID reading method.
|
|
|
|
You can call above methods by reading appropriate sysfs files.
|
|
|
|
|
|
What does a w1 master driver need to implement?
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The driver for w1 bus master must provide at minimum two functions.
|
|
|
|
Emulated devices must provide the ability to set the output signal level
|
|
(write_bit) and sample the signal level (read_bit).
|
|
|
|
Devices that support the 1-wire natively must provide the ability to write and
|
|
sample a bit (touch_bit) and reset the bus (reset_bus).
|
|
|
|
Most hardware provides higher-level functions that offload w1 handling.
|
|
See struct w1_bus_master definition in w1.h for details.
|
|
|
|
|
|
w1 master sysfs interface
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<xx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx> - a directory for a found device. The format is family-serial
|
|
bus - (standard) symlink to the w1 bus
|
|
driver - (standard) symlink to the w1 driver
|
|
w1_master_attempts - the number of times a search was attempted
|
|
w1_master_max_slave_count
|
|
- the maximum slaves that may be attached to a master
|
|
w1_master_name - the name of the device (w1_bus_masterX)
|
|
w1_master_search - the number of searches left to do, -1=continual (default)
|
|
w1_master_slave_count
|
|
- the number of slaves found
|
|
w1_master_slaves - the names of the slaves, one per line
|
|
w1_master_timeout - the delay in seconds between searches
|
|
|
|
If you have a w1 bus that never changes (you don't add or remove devices),
|
|
you can set w1_master_search to a positive value to disable searches.
|
|
|
|
|
|
w1 slave sysfs interface
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
bus - (standard) symlink to the w1 bus
|
|
driver - (standard) symlink to the w1 driver
|
|
name - the device name, usually the same as the directory name
|
|
w1_slave - (optional) a binary file whose meaning depends on the
|
|
family driver
|
|
rw - (optional) created for slave devices which do not have
|
|
appropriate family driver. Allows to read/write binary data.
|