When the 32-bit signed quantities get assigned to the u64 resource_size_t,
they are incorrectly sign-extended.
Addresses http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=13253
Addresses http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=9905
Signed-off-by: Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
Reported-by: Leann Ogasawara <leann@ubuntu.com>
Cc: Pierre Ossman <drzeus@drzeus.cx>
Reported-by: <pablomme@googlemail.com>
Tested-by: <pablomme@googlemail.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This function is not actually used right now, since the original use
case for it was done with insert_resource_expand_to_fit() instead.
However, we now have another usage case that wants to basically do a
"reserve IO resource, splitting around existing resources", however that
one doesn't actually want the "recurse into the conflicting resource"
logic at all.
And since recursing into the conflicting resource was the most complex
part, and isn't wanted, just remove it. Maybe we'll some day want both
versions, but we can just resurrect the logic then.
Tested-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix __request_region() parameter kernel-doc notation and parameter name:
Warning(linux-2.6.28-git10//kernel/resource.c:627): No description found for parameter 'flags'
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Device drivers that use pci_request_regions() (and similar APIs) have a
reasonable expectation that they are the only ones accessing their device.
As part of the e1000e hunt, we were afraid that some userland (X or some
bootsplash stuff) was mapping the MMIO region that the driver thought it
had exclusively via /dev/mem or via various sysfs resource mappings.
This patch adds the option for device drivers to cause their reserved
regions to the "banned from /dev/mem use" list, so now both kernel memory
and device-exclusive MMIO regions are banned.
NOTE: This is only active when CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM is set.
In addition to the config option, a kernel parameter iomem=relaxed is
provided for the cases where developers want to diagnose, in the field,
drivers issues from userspace.
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Impact: reduce false positives in iomem_map_sanity_check()
Some drivers (vesafb) only map/reserve a portion of a resource.
If then some other driver comes in and maps the whole resource,
the current code WARN_ON's. This is not the intent of the checks
in iomem_map_sanity_check(); rather these checks want to
warn when crossing *hardware* resources only.
This patch skips BUSY resources as suggested by Linus.
Note: having two drivers talk to the same hardware at the same
time is obviously not optimal behavior, but that's a separate story.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This one apparently doesn't generate any warnings, because the function
is only used during system bootup, when the warnings are disabled. But
it's still very wrong.
The __reserve_region_with_split() function is called with the
resource_lock held for writing, so it must only ever do GFP_ATOMIC
allocations.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Impact: avoid false-positive WARN_ON()
Andi Kleen reported:
> When running x86info on a 2.6.27-git8 system I get
>
> resource map sanity check conflict: 0x9e000 0x9efff 0x10000 0x9e7ff System RAM
> ------------[ cut here ]------------
> WARNING: at /home/lsrc/linux/arch/x86/mm/ioremap.c:226 __ioremap_caller+0xf2/0x2d6()
> ...
Some of the pages below the 1MB ISA addresses will be shared typically by both
BIOS and system usable RAM. For example:
BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009f800 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000000009f800 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
x86info reads the low physical address using /dev/mem, which internally
uses ioremap() for accessing non RAM pages. ioremap() of such low
pages conflicts with multiple resource entities leading to the
above warning.
Change the iomem_map_sanity_check() to allow mapping a page spanning multiple
resource entities (minimum granularity that one can map is a page anyhow).
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: cleanup, small kernel text size reduction, no functionality changed
reserve_region_with_split() calls in to __reserve_region_with_split(),
which is an __init function. The only caller of reserve_region_with_split()
is an __init function, so make it __init too.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
No functional change. Just return NULL for kzalloc failure immediately,
rather than wrapping the whole function body in the body of an "if".
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
fix this build error:
kernel/resource.c: In function 'iomem_map_sanity_check':
kernel/resource.c:842: error: implicit declaration of function 'r_next'
kernel/resource.c:842: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast
r_next() was only available if CONFIG_PROCFS was enabled.
and fix this build warning:
kernel/resource.c:855: warning: format '%llx' expects type 'long long unsigned int', but argument 2 has type 'resource_size_t'
kernel/resource.c:855: warning: format '%llx' expects type 'long long unsigned int', but argument 3 has type 'long unsigned int'
kernel/resource.c:855: warning: format '%llx' expects type 'long long unsigned int', but argument 4 has type 'resource_size_t'
kernel/resource.c:855: warning: format '%llx' expects type 'long long unsigned int', but argument 5 has type 'resource_size_t'
resource_t can be 32 bits.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Go through the iomem resource tree to check if any of the ioremap()
requests span more than any slot in the iomem resource tree and do
a WARN_ON() if we hit this check.
This will raise a red-flag, if some driver is mapping more than what
is needed. And hopefully identify possible corruptions much earlier.
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Andrew Morton noticed that the printk in kernel/resource.c was buggy:
| start and end have type resource_size_t. Such types CANNOT be printed
| unless cast to a known type.
|
| Because there is a %s following an incorrect %lld, the above code will
| crash the machine.
... and it's probably quite unneeded as well, so remove it.
Reported-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
add reserve_region_with_split() to not lose e820 reserved entries if
they overlap with existing IO regions:
with test case by extend 0xe0000000 - 0xeffffff to 0xdd800000 -
we get:
e0000000-efffffff : PCI MMCONFIG 0
e0000000-efffffff : reserved
and in /proc/iomem we get:
found conflict for reserved [dd800000, efffffff], try to reserve with split
__reserve_region_with_split: (PCI Bus #80) [dd000000, ddffffff], res: (reserved) [dd800000, efffffff]
__reserve_region_with_split: (PCI Bus #00) [de000000, dfffffff], res: (reserved) [de000000, efffffff]
initcall pci_subsys_init+0x0/0x121 returned 0 after 381 msecs
in dmesg
various fixes and improvements suggested by Linus.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Fix kernel-doc warning for new function:
Warning(linux-2.6.27-rc5-git2//kernel/resource.c:448): No description found for parameter 'root'
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Not used anywhere yet, but this complements the existing plain
'insert_resource()' functionality with a version that can expand the
resource we are adding in order to fix up any conflicts it has with
existing resources.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Avoid one-off errors by introducing a resource_size() function.
Signed-off-by: Magnus Damm <damm@igel.co.jp>
Cc: Ben Dooks <ben-linux@fluff.org>
Cc: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use proc_create()/proc_create_data() to make sure that ->proc_fops and ->data
be setup before gluing PDE to main tree.
Signed-off-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Done per Linus' request and suggestions. Linus has explained that
better than I'll be able to explain:
On Thu, Mar 27, 2008 at 10:12:10AM -0700, Linus Torvalds wrote:
> Actually, before we go any further, there might be a less intrusive
> alternative: add just a couple of flags to the resource flags field (we
> still have something like 8 unused bits on 32-bit), and use those to
> implement a generic "resource_alignment()" routine.
>
> Two flags would do it:
>
> - IORESOURCE_SIZEALIGN: size indicates alignment (regular PCI device
> resources)
>
> - IORESOURCE_STARTALIGN: start field is alignment (PCI bus resources
> during probing)
>
> and then the case of both flags zero (or both bits set) would actually be
> "invalid", and we would also clear the IORESOURCE_STARTALIGN flag when we
> actually allocate the resource (so that we don't use the "start" field as
> alignment incorrectly when it no longer indicates alignment).
>
> That wouldn't be totally generic, but it would have the nice property of
> automatically at least add sanity checking for that whole "res->start has
> the odd meaning of 'alignment' during probing" and remove the need for a
> new field, and it would allow us to have a generic "resource_alignment()"
> routine that just gets a resource pointer.
Besides, I removed IORESOURCE_BUS_HAS_VGA flag which was unused for ages.
Signed-off-by: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Gary Hade <garyhade@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
walk_memory_resource() verifies if there are holes in a given memory
range, by checking against /proc/iomem. On x86/ia64 system memory is
represented in /proc/iomem. On powerpc, we don't show system memory as
IO resource in /proc/iomem - instead it's maintained in
/proc/device-tree.
This provides a way for an architecture to provide its own
walk_memory_resource() function. On powerpc, the memory region is
small (16MB), contiguous and non-overlapping. So extra checking
against the device-tree is not needed.
Signed-off-by: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Kumar Gala <galak@gate.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
i386 and x86-64 registers System RAM as IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_BUSY.
But ia64 registers it as IORESOURCE_MEM only.
In addition, memory hotplug code registers new memory as IORESOURCE_MEM too.
This difference causes a failure of memory unplug of x86-64. This patch
fixes it.
This patch adds IORESOURCE_BUSY to avoid potential overlap mapping by PCI
device.
Signed-off-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A clean up patch for "scanning memory resource [start, end)" operation.
Now, find_next_system_ram() function is used in memory hotplug, but this
interface is not easy to use and codes are complicated.
This patch adds walk_memory_resouce(start,len,arg,func) function.
The function 'func' is called per valid memory resouce range in [start,pfn).
[pbadari@us.ibm.com: Error handling in walk_memory_resource()]
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Both old-IDE and libata should be able handle all controllers and
devices found using normal resource reservation methods.
This eliminates the awful, low-performing split-driver configuration
where old-IDE drove the PATA portion of a PCI device, in PIO-only mode,
and libata drove the SATA portion of the /same/ PCI device, in DMA mode.
Typically vendors would ship SATA hard drive / PATA optical
configuration, which would lend itself to slow (PIO-only) CD-ROM
performance.
For Intel users running in combined mode, it is now wholly dependent on
your driver choice (potentially link order, if you compile both drivers
in) whether old-IDE or libata will drive your hardware.
In either case, you will get full performance from both SATA and PATA
ports now, without having to pass a kernel command line parameter.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
After Al Viro (finally) succeeded in removing the sched.h #include in module.h
recently, it makes sense again to remove other superfluous sched.h includes.
There are quite a lot of files which include it but don't actually need
anything defined in there. Presumably these includes were once needed for
macros that used to live in sched.h, but moved to other header files in the
course of cleaning it up.
To ease the pain, this time I did not fiddle with any header files and only
removed #includes from .c-files, which tend to cause less trouble.
Compile tested against 2.6.20-rc2 and 2.6.20-rc2-mm2 (with offsets) on alpha,
arm, i386, ia64, mips, powerpc, and x86_64 with allnoconfig, defconfig,
allmodconfig, and allyesconfig as well as a few randconfigs on x86_64 and all
configs in arch/arm/configs on arm. I also checked that no new warnings were
introduced by the patch (actually, some warnings are removed that were emitted
by unnecessarily included header files).
Signed-off-by: Tim Schmielau <tim@physik3.uni-rostock.de>
Acked-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Implement device resource management, in short, devres. A device
driver can allocate arbirary size of devres data which is associated
with a release function. On driver detach, release function is
invoked on the devres data, then, devres data is freed.
devreses are typed by associated release functions. Some devreses are
better represented by single instance of the type while others need
multiple instances sharing the same release function. Both usages are
supported.
devreses can be grouped using devres group such that a device driver
can easily release acquired resources halfway through initialization
or selectively release resources (e.g. resources for port 1 out of 4
ports).
This patch adds devres core including documentation and the following
managed interfaces.
* alloc/free : devm_kzalloc(), devm_kzfree()
* IO region : devm_request_region(), devm_release_region()
* IRQ : devm_request_irq(), devm_free_irq()
* DMA : dmam_alloc_coherent(), dmam_free_coherent(),
dmam_declare_coherent_memory(), dmam_pool_create(),
dmam_pool_destroy()
* PCI : pcim_enable_device(), pcim_pin_device(), pci_is_managed()
* iomap : devm_ioport_map(), devm_ioport_unmap(), devm_ioremap(),
devm_ioremap_nocache(), devm_iounmap(), pcim_iomap_table(),
pcim_iomap(), pcim_iounmap()
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
- move some file_operations structs into the .rodata section
- move static strings from policy_types[] array into the .rodata section
- fix generic seq_operations usages, so that those structs may be defined
as "const" as well
[akpm@osdl.org: couple of fixes]
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Add kernel-doc function headers in kernel/resource.c and use them in DocBook.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
If you have two resources which aree exactly the same size,
insert_resource() currently inserts the new one below the existing one.
This is wrong because there's no way to insert a resource of the same size
above an existing one.
I took this opportunity to rewrite the initial loop to be a for-loop
instead of a goto-loop and fix the documentation.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <matthew@wil.cx>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
find_next_system_ram() is used to find available memory resource at onlining
newly added memory. This patch fixes following problem.
find_next_system_ram() cannot catch this case.
Resource: (start)-------------(end)
Section : (start)-------------(end)
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Keith Mannthey <kmannth@gmail.com>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
find_next_system_ram() returns valid memory range which meets requested area,
only used by memory-hot-add.
This function always rewrite requested resource even if returned area is not
fully fit in requested one. And sometimes the returnd resource is larger than
requested area. This annoyes the caller. This patch changes the returned
value to fit in requested area.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Keith Mannthey <kmannth@gmail.com>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Implement the scheduled unexport of insert_resource.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
* master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/pci-2.6:
[PATCH] i386: export memory more than 4G through /proc/iomem
[PATCH] 64bit Resource: finally enable 64bit resource sizes
[PATCH] 64bit Resource: convert a few remaining drivers to use resource_size_t where needed
[PATCH] 64bit resource: change pnp core to use resource_size_t
[PATCH] 64bit resource: change pci core and arch code to use resource_size_t
[PATCH] 64bit resource: change resource core to use resource_size_t
[PATCH] 64bit resource: introduce resource_size_t for the start and end of struct resource
[PATCH] 64bit resource: fix up printks for resources in misc drivers
[PATCH] 64bit resource: fix up printks for resources in arch and core code
[PATCH] 64bit resource: fix up printks for resources in pcmcia drivers
[PATCH] 64bit resource: fix up printks for resources in video drivers
[PATCH] 64bit resource: fix up printks for resources in ide drivers
[PATCH] 64bit resource: fix up printks for resources in mtd drivers
[PATCH] 64bit resource: fix up printks for resources in pci core and hotplug drivers
[PATCH] 64bit resource: fix up printks for resources in networks drivers
[PATCH] 64bit resource: fix up printks for resources in sound drivers
[PATCH] 64bit resource: C99 changes for struct resource declarations
Fixed up trivial conflict in drivers/ide/pci/cmd64x.c (the printk that
was changed by the 64-bit resources had been deleted in the meantime ;)
This patch allows hot-add memory which is not aligned to section.
Now, hot-added memory has to be aligned to section size. Considering big
section sized archs, this is not useful.
When hot-added memory is registerd as iomem resoruce by iomem resource
patch, we can make use of that information to detect valid memory range.
Note: With this, not-aligned memory can be registerd. To allow hot-add
memory with holes, we have to do more work around add_memory().
(It doesn't allows add memory to already existing mem section.)
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Introduce the Kconfig entry and actually switch to a 64bit value, if
wanted, for resource_size_t.
Based on a patch series originally from Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Based on a patch series originally from Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This is needed if we wish to change the size of the resource structures.
Based on an original patch from Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com> and
Andrew Morton.
(tweaked by Andy Isaacson <adi@hexapodia.org>)
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Andy Isaacson <adi@hexapodia.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
If a __deprecated is desired it should go to the prototype in the header
(where it currently isn't).
But at this place it's pointless.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch introduces a kzalloc wrapper and converts kernel/ to use it. It
saves a little program text.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch makes use of ALIGN() to remove duplicate round-up code.
Signed-off-by: Nick Wilson <njw@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
IXP2000 (ARM-based) platforms use a separate 'struct resource' for PCI MEM
space. Resource allocation for PCI BARs always fails because the 'root'
resource (the IXP2000 PCI MEM resource) always has the entire address space
(00000000-ffffffff) free, and find_resource() calculates the size of that
range as ffffffff-00000000+1=0, so all allocations fail because it thinks
there is no space.
(akpm: pls. double-check)
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
