Use pci_is_root_bus() in pci_read_bridge_bases() to check if the pci
bus is root, for code consistency.
Reviewed-by: Alex Chiang <achiang@hp.com>
Reviewed-by: Grant Grundler <grundler@parisc-linux.org>
Signed-off-by: Kenji Kaneshige <kaneshige.kenji@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
We should not assign 64bit ranges to PCI devices that only take 32bit
prefetchable addresses.
Try to set IORESOURCE_MEM_64 in 64bit resource of pci_device/pci_bridge
and make the bus resource only have that bit set when all devices under
it support 64bit prefetchable memory. Use that flag to allocate
resources from that range.
Reported-by: Yannick <yannick.roehlly@free.fr>
Reviewed-by: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
The device class may be changed after the fixup, so re-read the class
value from pci_dev when configuring the device. Otherwise some devices
such as JMicron SATA controller won't work.
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Grant Grundler <grundler@parisc-linux.org>
Tested-by: Marc Dionne <marc.c.dionne@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Commit 30a18d6c3f introduced a new
function to set the PCI bus resources. Unfortunately, neither the
author, nor the committers seemed to know that we already have somewhere
to do that -- pcibios_fixup_bus(). This patch moves the hook (used only
by the K8 code) into x86-specific code where it should have been in the
first place.
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai.lu@sun.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
pci_rescan_bus was annotated as __devinit, which is wrong,
because it will never be part of device initialization.
Howevever, we can't simply drop the annotation, because then we
get section warnings about calling pci_scan_child_bus (which is
correctly marked as __devinit).
pci_rescan_bus will only get built when CONFIG_HOTPLUG is set,
meaning that __devinit is a nop, so we know that pci_scan_child_bus
has not been freed.
Annotate as __ref to silence modpost.
Signed-off-by: Alex Chiang <achiang@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
New pci_cfg_space_size() needs invalid pdev->class, put it in the
right place in the pci_setup_device().
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This interface allows the user to force a rescan of all PCI buses
in system, and rediscover devices that have been removed earlier.
pci_bus_attrs implementation from Trent Piepho.
Thanks to Vegard Nossum for discovering locking issues with the
sysfs interface.
Cc: Trent Piepho <xyzzy@speakeasy.org>
Signed-off-by: Alex Chiang <achiang@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This API is used by the PCI core to rescan a bus and rediscover
newly added devices.
Over time, it is expected that the various PCI hotplug drivers
will migrate to this interface and away from the old
pci_do_scan_bus() interface.
Signed-off-by: Alex Chiang <achiang@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
While scanning bridges, we stop our scan if we encounter a bus
that we've seen before, to work around some buggy chipsets. This
is a good idea, but prevents us from fully scanning the PCI bus
at a future time (to find newly hot-added devices, for example).
Change the logic so that we skip _re-adding_ an existing bus
that we've seen before, but also allow the scan to descend to
all child buses.
Now that we're potentially scanning our child buses again, we
also need to be sure not to attempt re-initializing their BARs
so we avoid that.
This patch lays the groundwork to allow the user to issue a
rescan of the PCI bus at any time.
Signed-off-by: Alex Chiang <achiang@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
pci_scan_slot() has been rewritten to be less complex and will now
return the number of *new* devices found.
Existing callers need not worry because they already assume that
they can't call pci_scan_slot() on an already-scanned slot.
Thus, there is no semantic change for existing callers: returning
newly found devices (this patch) is exactly equal to returning all
found devices (before this patch).
This patch adds some more groundwork to allow us to rescan the
PCI bus during runtime to discover newly added devices.
Signed-off-by: Trent Piepho <xyzzy@speakeasy.org>
Reviewed-by: Alex Chiang <achiang@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Chiang <achiang@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
pci_scan_single_device is supposed to add newly discovered
devices to pci_bus->devices, but doesn't check to see if the
device has already been added. This can cause problems if we ever
want to use this interface to rescan the PCI bus.
If the device is already added, just return it.
Signed-off-by: Trent Piepho <xyzzy@speakeasy.org>
Signed-off-by: Alex Chiang <achiang@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Move the device setup stuff into pci_setup_device() which will be used
to setup the Virtual Function later.
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Reserve the bus number range used by the Virtual Function when
pcibios_assign_all_busses() returns true.
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
If a device has the SR-IOV capability, initialize it (set the ARI
Capable Hierarchy in the lowest numbered PF if necessary; calculate
the System Page Size for the VF MMIO, probe the VF Offset, Stride
and BARs). A lock for the VF bus allocation is also initialized if
a PF is the lowest numbered PF.
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Many host bridges support a 4k config space, so check them directy
instead of using quirks to add them.
We only need to do this extra check for host bridges at this point,
because only host bridges are known to have extended address space
without also having a PCI-X/PCI-E caps. Other devices with this
property could be done with quirks (if there are any).
As a bonus, we can remove the quirks for AMD host bridges with family
10h and 11h since they're not needed any more.
With this patch, we can get correct pci cfg size of new Intel CPUs/IOHs
with host bridges.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Current pci_read_bridge_bases() has an assumption that pci_bus->self
is NULL on the pci root bus (It checks pci_bus->self to see if the pci
bus is root bus). But is might not true on some platforms. We must
check pci_bus->parent instead.
Signed-off-by: Kenji Kaneshige <kaneshige.kenji@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
* 'cpus4096-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
[IA64] fix typo in cpumask_of_pcibus()
x86: fix x86_32 builds for summit and es7000 arch's
cpumask: use work_on_cpu in acpi-cpufreq.c for read_measured_perf_ctrs
cpumask: use work_on_cpu in acpi-cpufreq.c for drv_read and drv_write
cpumask: use cpumask_var_t in acpi-cpufreq.c
cpumask: use work_on_cpu in acpi/cstate.c
cpumask: convert struct cpufreq_policy to cpumask_var_t
cpumask: replace CPUMASK_ALLOC etc with cpumask_var_t
x86: cleanup remaining cpumask_t ops in smpboot code
cpumask: update pci_bus_show_cpuaffinity to use new cpumask API
cpumask: update local_cpus_show to use new cpumask API
ia64: cpumask fix for is_affinity_mask_valid()
When PCI devices are initialized, we check whether they support PCI PM
caps and set the device can_wakeup flag if so. However, some devices
may have platform provided wakeup events rather than PCI PME signals, so
we need to set can_wakeup in that case too. Doing so should allow
wakeups from many more devices, especially on cost constrained systems.
Reported-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Tested-by: Joseph Chan <JosephChan@via.com.tw>
Acked-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Allow pci_alloc_child_bus() to allocate buses without bridge devices.
Some SR-IOV devices can occupy more than one bus number, but there is no
explicit bridges because that have internal routing mechanism.
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Export __pci_read_base() so it can be used by whole PCI subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This patch moves all definitions of the PCI resource names to an 'enum',
and also replaces some hard-coded resource variables with symbol
names. This change eases introduction of device specific resources.
Reviewed-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Since interrupts will soon be disabled at PCI resume time, we need to
pre-allocate memory to save/restore PCI config space (or use GFP_ATOMIC,
but this is safer).
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This patch is part of a larger patch series which will remove
the "char bus_id[20]" name string from struct device. The device
name is managed in the kobject anyway, and without any size
limitation, and just needlessly copied into "struct device".
To set and read the device name dev_name(dev) and dev_set_name(dev)
must be used. If your code uses static kobjects, which it shouldn't
do, "const char *init_name" can be used to statically provide the
name the registered device should have. At registration time, the
init_name field is cleared, to enforce the use of dev_name(dev) to
access the device name at a later time.
We need to get rid of all occurrences of bus_id in the entire tree
to be able to enable the new interface. Please apply this patch,
and possibly convert any remaining remaining occurrences of bus_id.
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-Off-By: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Impact: use new cpumask API to reduce stack usage
Replace the local cpumask_t variable with a pointer to the
const cpumask that needs to be printed.
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: change calling convention of existing cpumask APIs
Most cpumask functions started with cpus_: these have been replaced by
cpumask_ ones which take struct cpumask pointers as expected.
These four functions don't have good replacement names; fortunately
they're rarely used, so we just change them over.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: paulus@samba.org
Cc: mingo@redhat.com
Cc: tony.luck@intel.com
Cc: ralf@linux-mips.org
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: cl@linux-foundation.org
Cc: srostedt@redhat.com
This cleanup removes the resource assignment in pci_read_bridge_bases()
since it has taken care by pci_alloc_child_bus() when allocating the bus:
/* Set up default resource pointers and names.. */
for (i = 0; i < PCI_BRIDGE_RES_NUM; i++) {
child->resource[i] = &bridge->resource[PCI_BRIDGE_RESOURCES+i];
child->resource[i]->name = child->name;
}
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Some firmware fail to properly configure P2P bridges, leaving them
with invalid bus numbers. In some cases, this happens on some embedded
4xx boards as the result of the kernel allocating different bus space
than the firmware does to host bridges while not setting
pcibios_assign_all_busses() for various reasons. In other cases, it can
just be bogus firmware.
This adds some sanity checking to the PCI probing code. If a bridge is
found whose primary bus number doesn't match the bus it's sitting on,
or whose secondary bus number not strictly above it's primary bus
number, then the bridge bus numbers are deconfigured in the first pass
of pci_scan_bridge() to be re-assigned in the second pass.
Tested-by: "Ayman El-Khashab" <AymanE@tanisys.com>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This adds the ability to mmap legacy IO space to the legacy_io files
in sysfs on platforms that support it. This will allow to clean up
X to use this instead of /dev/mem for legacy IO accesses such as
those performed by Int10.
While at it I moved pci_create/remove_legacy_files() to pci-sysfs.c
where I think they belong, thus making more things statis in there
and cleaned up some spurrious prototypes in the ia64 pci.h file
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This patch uniformizes PCI probing debug boot messages with dev_printk()
intead of manual printk()
It changes adress range output from [%llx, %llx] to [%#llx-%#llx], like
in pci_request_region().
For example, it goes from the mixed-style:
PCI: 0000:00:1b.0 reg 10 64bit mmio: [f4280000, f4283fff]
pci 0000:00:1b.0: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold
to uniform:
pci 0000:00:1b.0: reg 10 64bit mmio: [0xf4280000-0xf4283fff]
pci 0000:00:1b.0: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold
This patch has been runtime tested, boot log messages diffed, everything
looks OK.
Acked-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Vincent Legoll <vincent.legoll@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This patch adds support for PCI Express Alternative Routing-ID
Interpretation (ARI) capability.
The ARI capability extends the Function Number field of the PCI Express
Endpoint by reusing the Device Number which is otherwise hardwired to 0.
With ARI, an Endpoint can have up to 256 functions.
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This patch centralizes the initialization and release functions of
various PCI capabilities in probe.c, which makes the introduction
of new capability support functions cleaner in the future.
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Since patch 6ac665c63d my infiniband
controller hasn't worked. This is because it has 64-bit prefetchable
memory, which was mistakenly being taken to be 32-bit memory. The
resource flags in this case are PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64 |
PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH.
This patch checks only for the PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64 bit; thus
whether the region is prefetchable or not is ignored. This fixes my
Infiniband.
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox <matthew@wil.cx>
Signed-off-by: Peter Chubb <peterc@gelato.unsw.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This is a cleanup that changes all PCI configuration space size
representations to the macros (PCI_CFG_SPACE_SIZE and
PCI_CFG_SPACE_EXP_SIZE). And the macros are also moved from
drivers/pci/probe.c to drivers/pci/pci.h.
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
The introduction of struct pci_slot (f46753c5e3)
added a struct pci_slot pointer to struct pci_dev, but we forgot to
associate the two.
Connect the two structs together; the interesting portions of the object
lifetimes are:
- when a new pci_slot is created, connect it to the appropriate
pci_dev's. A single pci_slot may be associated with multiple
pci_dev's, e.g. any multi-function PCI device.
- when a pci_slot is released, look for all the pci_dev's it was
associated with, and set their pci_slot pointers to NULL
- when a pci_dev is created, look for slots to associate with.
Note -- when a pci_dev is released, we don't need to do any bookkeeping,
since pci_slot's do not have pointers to pci_dev's.
Signed-off-by: Alex Chiang <achiang@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Use "[%04x:%04x]" for PCI vendor/device IDs to follow the format
used by lspci(8).
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This converts things in drivers/pci to use %pR to printout the
content of a struct resource instead of hand-casted %llx or
other variants.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The PCI core wants to reorder the devices in the bus list. So move this
functionality out of the pci core and into the driver core so that
anyone else can also do this if needed. This also lets us change how
struct device is attached to drivers in the future without messing with
the PCI core.
Acked-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Print out for device BAR values before the kernel tries to update them.
Also make related output use KERN_DEBUG.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
The cleaned up resource code in probe.c introduced some warnings:
drivers/pci/probe.c: In function 'pci_read_bridge_bases':
drivers/pci/probe.c:386: warning: format '%llx' expects type 'long long unsigned int', but argument 3 has type 'resource_size_t'
drivers/pci/probe.c:386: warning: format '%llx' expects type 'long long unsigned int', but argument 4 has type 'resource_size_t'
drivers/pci/probe.c:398: warning: format '%llx' expects type 'long long unsigned int', but argument 3 has type 'resource_size_t'
drivers/pci/probe.c:398: warning: format '%llx' expects type 'long long unsigned int', but argument 4 has type 'resource_size_t'
drivers/pci/probe.c:434: warning: format '%llx' expects type 'long long unsigned int', but argument 4 has type 'resource_size_t'
drivers/pci/probe.c:434: warning: format '%llx' expects type 'long long unsigned int', but argument 5 has type 'resource_size_t'
So fix them up.
Signed-off-by: Johann Felix Soden <johfel@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Check the return value of device_create_bin_file in pci_create_bus and
unwind if necessary. Don't propagate error to caller, as failure to create
these files shouldn't prevent PCI from being initialised. Instead, just
log a warning.
Cc: Sven Wegener <sven.wegener@stealer.net>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <matthew@wil.cx>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Disable ASPM on pre-1.1 PCIe devices, as many of them don't implement it
correctly.
Tested-by: Jack Howarth <howarth@bromo.msbb.uc.edu>
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
If the kernel is configured to support 64-bit resources on a 32-bit
machine, we can support 64-bit BARs properly. Just change the condition
to check sizeof(resource_size_t) instead of BITS_PER_LONG.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Factor out the code to read one BAR from the loop in pci_read_bases into
a new function, __pci_read_base. The new code is slightly more
readable, better commented and removes the ifdef.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
* Introduce function acpi_pm_device_sleep_wake() for enabling and
disabling the system wake-up capability of devices that are power
manageable by ACPI.
* Introduce function acpi_bus_can_wakeup() allowing other (dependent)
subsystems to check if ACPI is able to enable the system wake-up
capability of given device.
* Introduce callback .sleep_wake() in struct pci_platform_pm_ops and
for the ACPI PCI 'driver' make it use acpi_pm_device_sleep_wake().
* Introduce callback .can_wakeup() in struct pci_platform_pm_ops and
for the ACPI 'driver' make it use acpi_bus_can_wakeup().
* Move the PME# handlig code out of pci_enable_wake() and split it
into two functions, pci_pme_capable() and pci_pme_active(),
allowing the caller to check if given device is capable of
generating PME# from given power state and to enable/disable the
device's PME# functionality, respectively.
* Modify pci_enable_wake() to use the new ACPI callbacks and the new
PME#-related functions.
* Drop the generic .platform_enable_wakeup() callback that is not
used any more.
* Introduce device_set_wakeup_capable() that will set the
power.can_wakeup flag of given device.
* Rework PCI device PM initialization so that, if given device is
capable of generating wake-up events, either natively through the
PME# mechanism, or with the help of the platform, its
power.can_wakeup flag is set and its power.should_wakeup flag is
unset as appropriate.
* Make ACPI set the power.can_wakeup flag for devices found to be
wake-up capable by it.
* Make the ACPI wake-up code enable/disable GPEs for devices that
have the wakeup.flags.prepared flag set (which means that their
wake-up power has been enabled).
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This changes pci_setup_device to handle pci_name() now returning a
constant string.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Make pci_setup_device() write the bus ID directly into the allotted storage,
rather than using pci_name() as the address as that now returns a const
pointer.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Convert printks to use dev_printk().
I converted pr_debug() to dev_dbg(). Both use KERN_DEBUG and are enabled
only when DEBUG is defined.
I converted printk(KERN_DEBUG) to dev_printk(KERN_DEBUG), not to dev_dbg(),
because dev_dbg() is only enabled when DEBUG is defined.
I converted DBG(KERN_INFO) (only in setup-bus.c) to dev_info(). The DBG()
name makes it sound like debug, but it's been enabled forever, so dev_info()
preserves the previous behavior.
I tried to make the resource assignment formats more consistent, e.g.,
"BAR %d: got res [%#llx-%#llx] bus [%#llx-%#llx] flags %#lx\n"
instead of sometimes using "start-end" and sometimes using "size@start".
I'm not attached to one or the other; I'd just like them consistent.
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
