This patchs adds the CONFIG_AIO option which allows to remove support
for asynchronous I/O operations, that are not necessarly used by
applications, particularly on embedded devices. As this is a
size-reduction option, it depends on CONFIG_EMBEDDED. It allows to
save ~7 kilobytes of kernel code/data:
text data bss dec hex filename
1115067 119180 217088 1451335 162547 vmlinux
1108025 119048 217088 1444161 160941 vmlinux.new
-7042 -132 0 -7174 -1C06 +/-
This patch has been originally written by Matt Mackall
<mpm@selenic.com>, and is part of the Linux Tiny project.
[randy.dunlap@oracle.com: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@kvack.org>
Cc: Zach Brown <zach.brown@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When unpacking the cpio into the initramfs, mtimes are not preserved by
default. This patch adds an INITRAMFS_PRESERVE_MTIME option that allows
mtimes stored in the cpio image to be used when constructing the
initramfs.
For embedded applications that run exclusively out of the initramfs, this
is invaluable:
When building embedded application initramfs images, its nice to know when
the files were actually created during the build process - that makes it
easier to see what files were modified when so we can compare the files
that are being used on the image with the files used during the build
process. This might help (for example) to determine if the target system
has all the updated files you expect to see w/o having to check MD5s etc.
In our environment, the whole system runs off the initramfs partition, and
seeing the modified times of the shared libraries (for example) helps us
find bugs that may have been introduced by the build system incorrectly
propogating outdated shared libraries into the image.
Similarly, many of the initializion/configuration files in /etc might be
dynamically built by the build system, and knowing when they were modified
helps us sanity check whether the target system has the "latest" files
etc.
Finally, we might use last modified times to determine whether a hot fix
should be applied or not to the running ramfs.
Signed-off-by: Nye Liu <nyet@nyet.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
identify_ramdisk_image() returns 0 (not -1) if a gzipped ramdisk is found:
if (buf[0] == 037 && ((buf[1] == 0213) || (buf[1] == 0236))) {
printk(KERN_NOTICE
"RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block %d\n",
start_block);
nblocks = 0;
^^^^^^^^^^^
goto done;
}
...
done:
sys_lseek(fd, start_block * BLOCK_SIZE, 0);
kfree(buf);
return nblocks;
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Hence correct the typo in the comment, which has existed since the
addition of compressed ramdisk support in 1.3.48.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <Geert.Uytterhoeven@sonycom.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arjan/linux-2.6-fastboot:
raid, fastboot: hide RAID autodetect option if MD is compiled as a module
raid: make RAID autodetect default a KConfig option
warning: fix init do_mounts_md c
fastboot: make the RAID autostart code print a message just before waiting
fastboot: make the raid autodetect code wait for all devices to init
fastboot: Fix bootgraph.pl initcall name regexp
fastboot: fix issues and improve output of bootgraph.pl
Add a script to visualize the kernel boot process / time
Change the time resolution for initcall_debug to microseconds, from
milliseconds. This is handy to determine which initcalls you want to work
on for faster booting.
One one of my test machines, over 90% of the initcalls are less than a
millisecond and (without this patch) these are all reported as 0 msecs.
Working on the 900 us ones is more important than the 4 us ones.
With 'quiet' on the kernel command line, this adds no significant overhead
to kernel boot time.
Signed-off-by: Tim Bird <tim.bird@am.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
At this time, only built-in initcalls interest us.
We can't really produce a relevant graph if we include
the modules initcall too.
I had good results after this patch (see svg in attachment).
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
After some initcall traces, some initcall names may be inconsistent.
That's because these functions will disappear from the .init section
and also their name from the symbols table.
So we have to copy the name of the function in a buffer large enough
during the trace appending. It is not costly for the ring_buffer because
the number of initcall entries is commonly not really large.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Change the boot tracer printing to make it parsable for
the scripts/bootgraph.pl script.
We have now to output two lines for each initcall, according to the
printk in do_one_initcall() in init/main.c
We need now the call's time and the return's time.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Launch the boot tracing inside the initcall_debug area. Old printk
have not been removed to keep the old way of initcall tracing for
backward compatibility.
[ mingo@elte.hu: resolved conflicts ]
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
When optimizing the kernel boot time, it's very valuable to visualize
what is going on at which time. In addition, with the fastboot asynchronous
initcall level, it's very valuable to see which initcall gets run where
and when.
This patch adds a script to turn a dmesg into a SVG graph (that can be
shown with tools such as InkScape, Gimp or Firefox) and a small change
to the initcall code to print the PID of the thread calling the initcall
(so that the script can work out the parallelism).
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
This is the infrastructure to the converting the mcount call sites
recorded by the __mcount_loc section into nops on boot. It also allows
for using these sites to enable tracing as normal. When the __mcount_loc
section is used, the "ftraced" kernel thread is disabled.
This uses the current infrastructure to record the mcount call sites
as well as convert them to nops. The mcount function is kept as a stub
on boot up and not converted to the ftrace_record_ip function. We use the
ftrace_record_ip to only record from the table.
This patch does not handle modules. That comes with a later patch.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
do not expose users to CONFIG_TRACEPOINTS - tracers can select it
just fine.
update ftrace to select CONFIG_TRACEPOINTS.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Implementation of kernel tracepoints. Inspired from the Linux Kernel
Markers. Allows complete typing verification by declaring both tracing
statement inline functions and probe registration/unregistration static
inline functions within the same macro "DEFINE_TRACE". No format string
is required. See the tracepoint Documentation and Samples patches for
usage examples.
Taken from the documentation patch :
"A tracepoint placed in code provides a hook to call a function (probe)
that you can provide at runtime. A tracepoint can be "on" (a probe is
connected to it) or "off" (no probe is attached). When a tracepoint is
"off" it has no effect, except for adding a tiny time penalty (checking
a condition for a branch) and space penalty (adding a few bytes for the
function call at the end of the instrumented function and adds a data
structure in a separate section). When a tracepoint is "on", the
function you provide is called each time the tracepoint is executed, in
the execution context of the caller. When the function provided ends its
execution, it returns to the caller (continuing from the tracepoint
site).
You can put tracepoints at important locations in the code. They are
lightweight hooks that can pass an arbitrary number of parameters, which
prototypes are described in a tracepoint declaration placed in a header
file."
Addition and removal of tracepoints is synchronized by RCU using the
scheduler (and preempt_disable) as guarantees to find a quiescent state
(this is really RCU "classic"). The update side uses rcu_barrier_sched()
with call_rcu_sched() and the read/execute side uses
"preempt_disable()/preempt_enable()".
We make sure the previous array containing probes, which has been
scheduled for deletion by the rcu callback, is indeed freed before we
proceed to the next update. It therefore limits the rate of modification
of a single tracepoint to one update per RCU period. The objective here
is to permit fast batch add/removal of probes on _different_
tracepoints.
Changelog :
- Use #name ":" #proto as string to identify the tracepoint in the
tracepoint table. This will make sure not type mismatch happens due to
connexion of a probe with the wrong type to a tracepoint declared with
the same name in a different header.
- Add tracepoint_entry_free_old.
- Change __TO_TRACE to get rid of the 'i' iterator.
Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> :
Tested on x86-64.
Performance impact of a tracepoint : same as markers, except that it
adds about 70 bytes of instructions in an unlikely branch of each
instrumented function (the for loop, the stack setup and the function
call). It currently adds a memory read, a test and a conditional branch
at the instrumentation site (in the hot path). Immediate values will
eventually change this into a load immediate, test and branch, which
removes the memory read which will make the i-cache impact smaller
(changing the memory read for a load immediate removes 3-4 bytes per
site on x86_32 (depending on mov prefixes), or 7-8 bytes on x86_64, it
also saves the d-cache hit).
About the performance impact of tracepoints (which is comparable to
markers), even without immediate values optimizations, tests done by
Hideo Aoki on ia64 show no regression. His test case was using hackbench
on a kernel where scheduler instrumentation (about 5 events in code
scheduler code) was added.
Quoting Hideo Aoki about Markers :
I evaluated overhead of kernel marker using linux-2.6-sched-fixes git
tree, which includes several markers for LTTng, using an ia64 server.
While the immediate trace mark feature isn't implemented on ia64, there
is no major performance regression. So, I think that we don't have any
issues to propose merging marker point patches into Linus's tree from
the viewpoint of performance impact.
I prepared two kernels to evaluate. The first one was compiled without
CONFIG_MARKERS. The second one was enabled CONFIG_MARKERS.
I downloaded the original hackbench from the following URL:
http://devresources.linux-foundation.org/craiger/hackbench/src/hackbench.c
I ran hackbench 5 times in each condition and calculated the average and
difference between the kernels.
The parameter of hackbench: every 50 from 50 to 800
The number of CPUs of the server: 2, 4, and 8
Below is the results. As you can see, major performance regression
wasn't found in any case. Even if number of processes increases,
differences between marker-enabled kernel and marker- disabled kernel
doesn't increase. Moreover, if number of CPUs increases, the differences
doesn't increase either.
Curiously, marker-enabled kernel is better than marker-disabled kernel
in more than half cases, although I guess it comes from the difference
of memory access pattern.
* 2 CPUs
Number of | without | with | diff | diff |
processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] |
--------------------------------------------------------------
50 | 4.811 | 4.872 | +0.061 | +1.27 |
100 | 9.854 | 10.309 | +0.454 | +4.61 |
150 | 15.602 | 15.040 | -0.562 | -3.6 |
200 | 20.489 | 20.380 | -0.109 | -0.53 |
250 | 25.798 | 25.652 | -0.146 | -0.56 |
300 | 31.260 | 30.797 | -0.463 | -1.48 |
350 | 36.121 | 35.770 | -0.351 | -0.97 |
400 | 42.288 | 42.102 | -0.186 | -0.44 |
450 | 47.778 | 47.253 | -0.526 | -1.1 |
500 | 51.953 | 52.278 | +0.325 | +0.63 |
550 | 58.401 | 57.700 | -0.701 | -1.2 |
600 | 63.334 | 63.222 | -0.112 | -0.18 |
650 | 68.816 | 68.511 | -0.306 | -0.44 |
700 | 74.667 | 74.088 | -0.579 | -0.78 |
750 | 78.612 | 79.582 | +0.970 | +1.23 |
800 | 85.431 | 85.263 | -0.168 | -0.2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------
* 4 CPUs
Number of | without | with | diff | diff |
processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] |
--------------------------------------------------------------
50 | 2.586 | 2.584 | -0.003 | -0.1 |
100 | 5.254 | 5.283 | +0.030 | +0.56 |
150 | 8.012 | 8.074 | +0.061 | +0.76 |
200 | 11.172 | 11.000 | -0.172 | -1.54 |
250 | 13.917 | 14.036 | +0.119 | +0.86 |
300 | 16.905 | 16.543 | -0.362 | -2.14 |
350 | 19.901 | 20.036 | +0.135 | +0.68 |
400 | 22.908 | 23.094 | +0.186 | +0.81 |
450 | 26.273 | 26.101 | -0.172 | -0.66 |
500 | 29.554 | 29.092 | -0.461 | -1.56 |
550 | 32.377 | 32.274 | -0.103 | -0.32 |
600 | 35.855 | 35.322 | -0.533 | -1.49 |
650 | 39.192 | 38.388 | -0.804 | -2.05 |
700 | 41.744 | 41.719 | -0.025 | -0.06 |
750 | 45.016 | 44.496 | -0.520 | -1.16 |
800 | 48.212 | 47.603 | -0.609 | -1.26 |
--------------------------------------------------------------
* 8 CPUs
Number of | without | with | diff | diff |
processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] |
--------------------------------------------------------------
50 | 2.094 | 2.072 | -0.022 | -1.07 |
100 | 4.162 | 4.273 | +0.111 | +2.66 |
150 | 6.485 | 6.540 | +0.055 | +0.84 |
200 | 8.556 | 8.478 | -0.078 | -0.91 |
250 | 10.458 | 10.258 | -0.200 | -1.91 |
300 | 12.425 | 12.750 | +0.325 | +2.62 |
350 | 14.807 | 14.839 | +0.032 | +0.22 |
400 | 16.801 | 16.959 | +0.158 | +0.94 |
450 | 19.478 | 19.009 | -0.470 | -2.41 |
500 | 21.296 | 21.504 | +0.208 | +0.98 |
550 | 23.842 | 23.979 | +0.137 | +0.57 |
600 | 26.309 | 26.111 | -0.198 | -0.75 |
650 | 28.705 | 28.446 | -0.259 | -0.9 |
700 | 31.233 | 31.394 | +0.161 | +0.52 |
750 | 34.064 | 33.720 | -0.344 | -1.01 |
800 | 36.320 | 36.114 | -0.206 | -0.57 |
--------------------------------------------------------------
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com>
Acked-by: 'Peter Zijlstra' <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* 'proc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/adobriyan/proc:
proc: remove kernel.maps_protect
proc: remove now unneeded ADDBUF macro
[PATCH] proc: show personality via /proc/pid/personality
[PATCH] signal, procfs: some lock_task_sighand() users do not need rcu_read_lock()
proc: move PROC_PAGE_MONITOR to fs/proc/Kconfig
proc: make grab_header() static
proc: remove unused get_dma_list()
proc: remove dummy vmcore_open()
proc: proc_sys_root tweak
proc: fix return value of proc_reg_open() in "too late" case
Fixed up trivial conflict in removed file arch/sparc/include/asm/dma_32.h
RAID autodetect has the side effect of requiring synchronisation
of all device drivers, which can make the boot several seconds longer
(I've measured 7 on one of my laptops).... even for systems that don't
have RAID setup for the root filesystem (the only FS where this matters).
This patch makes the default for autodetect a config option; either way
the user can always override via the kernel command line.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
fix warning:
init/do_mounts_md.c: In function ‘md_run_setup’:
init/do_mounts_md.c:282: warning: ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code
also, use the opportunity to put the RAID autodetection code
into a separate function - this also solves a checkpatch style warning.
No code changed:
md5:
aa36a35faef371b05f1974ad583bdbbd do_mounts_md.o.before.asm
aa36a35faef371b05f1974ad583bdbbd do_mounts_md.o.after.asm
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
As requested/suggested by Neil Brown: make the raid code print that it's
about to wait for probing to be done as well as give a suggestion on how
to disable the probing if the user doesn't use raid.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com
The raid autodetect code really needs to have all devices probed before
it can detect raid arrays; not doing so would give rather messy situations
where arrays would get detected as degraded while they shouldn't be etc.
This is in preparation of removing the "wait for everything to init"
code that makes everyone pay, not just raid users.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
When optimizing the kernel boot time, it's very valuable to visualize
what is going on at which time. In addition, with some of the initializing
going asynchronous soon, it's valuable to track/print which worker thread
is executing the initialization.
This patch adds a script to turn a dmesg into a SVG graph (that can be
shown with tools such as InkScape, Gimp or Firefox) and a small change
to the initcall code to print the PID of the thread calling the initcall
(so that the script can work out the parallelism).
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
DEBUG_BLOCK_EXT_DEVT shuffles SCSI and IDE device numbers and root
device number set using rdev become meaningless. Root devices should
be explicitly specified using textual names. Warn about it if root
can't be found and DEBUG_BLOCK_EXT_DEVT is enabled. Also, add warning
to the help text.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
.. small detail, but the silly e1000e initcall warning debugging caused
me to look at this code. Rather than gouge my eyes out with a spoon, I
just fixed it.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I noticed that sysctl_check.o was the largest object file in
a allnoconfig build in kernel/*.
36243 0 0 36243 8d93 kernel/sysctl_check.o
This is because it was default y and && EMBEDDED. But I don't
really see a need for a non kernel developer to have their
sysctls checked all the time.
So move the Kconfig into the kernel debugging section and
also drop the default y and the EMBEDDED check.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The kernel has this really nice facility where if you put "initcall_debug"
on the kernel commandline, it'll print which function it's going to
execute just before calling an initcall, and then after the call completes
it will
1) print if it had an error code
2) checks for a few simple bugs (like leaving irqs off)
and
3) print how long the init call took in milliseconds.
While trying to optimize the boot speed of my laptop, I have been loving
number 3 to figure out what to optimize... ... and then I wished that
the same thing was done for module loading.
This patch makes the module loader use this exact same functionality; it's
a logical extension in my view (since modules are just sort of late
binding initcalls anyway) and so far I've found it quite useful in finding
where things are too slow in my boot.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Given that the init/Kconfig file uses a "menuconfig" directive for
modules already, might as well wrap all the submenu entries in an "if"
to toss all those dependencies.
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sam/kbuild-fixes:
kbuild: scripts/ver_linux: don't set PATH
Kconfig/init: change help text to match default value
kbuild: genksyms: Include extern information in dumps
kbuild: genksyms parser: fix the __attribute__ rule
kbuild: scripts/genksyms/lex.l: add %option noinput
kconfig: scripts/kconfig/zconf.l: add %option noinput
kbuild: fix O=... build of um
Change the "If unsure" message to match the default value.
Signed-off-by: John Kacur <jkacur at gmail dot com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
commit fb6624ebd9 (initrd: Fix virtual/physical
mix-up in overwrite test) introduced the compiler warning below on mips,
as its virt_to_page() doesn't cast the passed address to unsigned long
internally, unlike on most other architectures:
init/main.c: In function `start_kernel':
init/main.c:633: warning: passing argument 1 of `virt_to_phys' makes pointer from integer without a cast
init/main.c:636: warning: passing argument 1 of `virt_to_phys' makes pointer from integer without a cast
For now, kill the warning by explicitly casting initrd_start to `void *', as
that's the type it should really be.
Reported-by: Atsushi Nemoto <anemo@mba.ocn.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rabin Vincent noticed that there's a stray <6> in BogoMIPS printk:
> Remove the extra KERN_INFO which causes this:
> Calibrating delay loop... <6>179.40 BogoMIPS (lpj=897024)
> - printk(KERN_INFO "%lu.%02lu BogoMIPS (lpj=%lu)\n",
> - loops_per_jiffy/(500000/HZ),
> - (loops_per_jiffy/(5000/HZ)) % 100, loops_per_jiffy);
> + printk("%lu.%02lu BogoMIPS (lpj=%lu)\n",
> + loops_per_jiffy/(500000/HZ),
> + (loops_per_jiffy/(5000/HZ)) % 100, loops_per_jiffy);
> }
How about just using KERN_CONT and leaving the whitespace
for a patch that does the entire file?
Reported-by: Rabin Vincent <rabin@rab.in>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sam/kbuild-next: (25 commits)
setlocalversion: do not describe if there is nothing to describe
kconfig: fix typos: "Suport" -> "Support"
kconfig: make defconfig is no longer chatty
kconfig: make oldconfig is now less chatty
kconfig: speed up all*config + randconfig
kconfig: set all new symbols automatically
kconfig: add diffconfig utility
kbuild: remove Module.markers during mrproper
kbuild: sparse needs CF not CHECKFLAGS
kernel-doc: handle/strip __init
vmlinux.lds: move __attribute__((__cold__)) functions back into final .text section
init: fix URL of "The GNU Accounting Utilities"
kbuild: add arch/$ARCH/include to search path
kbuild: asm symlink support for arch/$ARCH/include
kbuild: support arch/$ARCH/include for tags, cscope
kbuild: prepare headers_* for arch/$ARCH/include
kbuild: install all headers when arch is changed
kbuild: make clean removes *.o.* as well
kbuild: optimize headers_* targets
kbuild: only one call for include/ in make headers_*
...
This patch makes the needlessly global root_device_name static.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A previous patch added the early_initcall(), to allow a cleaner hooking of
pre-SMP initcalls. Now we remove the older interface, converting all
existing users to the new one.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanups]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: warning fix]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: warning fix]
Signed-off-by: Eduard - Gabriel Munteanu <eduard.munteanu@linux360.ro>
Cc: Tom Zanussi <tzanussi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Added early initcall (pre-SMP) support, using an identical interface to
that of regular initcalls. Functions called from do_pre_smp_initcalls()
could be converted to use this cleaner interface.
This is required by CPU hotplug, because early users have to register
notifiers before going SMP. One such CPU hotplug user is the relay
interface with buffer-only channels, which needs to register such a
notifier, to be usable in early code. This in turn is used by kmemtrace.
Signed-off-by: Eduard - Gabriel Munteanu <eduard.munteanu@linux360.ro>
Cc: Tom Zanussi <tzanussi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Following patch corrects URL of "The GNU Accounting Utilities" in init/Kconfig.
Noticed by: Bart Van Assche" <bart.vanassche@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: S.Çağlar Onur <caglar@pardus.org.tr>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
This patch adds proper prototypes for pid{hash,map}_init() in
include/linux/pid_namespace.h
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
int Version_* is only used with ksymoops, which is only needed (according
to README and Documentation/Changes) if CONFIG_KALLSYMS is NOT defined.
Therefore this patch defines version_string only if CONFIG_KALLSYMS is not
defined.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Guilak <daniel@danielguilak.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Inflate requires some dynamic memory allocation very early in the boot
process and this is provided with a set of four functions:
malloc/free/gzip_mark/gzip_release.
The old inflate code used a mark/release strategy rather than implement
free. This new version instead keeps a count on the number of outstanding
allocations and when it hits zero, it resets the malloc arena.
This allows removing all the mark and release implementations and unifying
all the malloc/free implementations.
The architecture-dependent code must define two addresses:
- free_mem_ptr, the address of the beginning of the area in which
allocations should be made
- free_mem_end_ptr, the address of the end of the area in which
allocations should be made. If set to 0, then no check is made on
the number of allocations, it just grows as much as needed
The architecture-dependent code can also provide an arch_decomp_wdog()
function call. This function will be called several times during the
decompression process, and allow to notify the watchdog that the system is
still running. If an architecture provides such a call, then it must
define ARCH_HAS_DECOMP_WDOG so that the generic inflate code calls
arch_decomp_wdog().
Work initially done by Matt Mackall, updated to a recent version of the
kernel and improved by me.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <mikael.starvik@axis.com>
Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Acked-by: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There seems to be little point in explicitly setting, then testing the macro
BUILD_CRAMDISK within the context of a single source file.
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Every file should include the headers containing the externs for its
global code (in this case for rd_doload).
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'sched/for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
sched: hrtick_enabled() should use cpu_active()
sched, x86: clean up hrtick implementation
sched: fix build error, provide partition_sched_domains() unconditionally
sched: fix warning in inc_rt_tasks() to not declare variable 'rq' if it's not needed
cpu hotplug: Make cpu_active_map synchronization dependency clear
cpu hotplug, sched: Introduce cpu_active_map and redo sched domain managment (take 2)
sched: rework of "prioritize non-migratable tasks over migratable ones"
sched: reduce stack size in isolated_cpu_setup()
Revert parts of "ftrace: do not trace scheduler functions"
Fixed up conflicts in include/asm-x86/thread_info.h (due to the
TIF_SINGLESTEP unification vs TIF_HRTICK_RESCHED removal) and
kernel/sched_fair.c (due to cpu_active_map vs for_each_cpu_mask_nr()
introduction).
... as preparation for removing it completely, make it an
invisible bool defaulting to yes.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
module.c and module.h conatains code for finding
exported symbols which are declared with EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL,
and this code is compiled in even if CONFIG_UNUSED_SYMBOLS is not set
and thus there can be no EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOLs in modules anyway
(because EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL(x) are compiled out to nothing then).
This patch adds required #ifdefs.
Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
On recent kernels, I get the following error when using an initrd:
| initrd overwritten (0x00b78000 < 0x07668000) - disabling it.
My Amiga 4000 has 12 MiB of RAM at physical address 0x07400000 (virtual
0x00000000).
The initrd is located at the end of RAM: 0x00b78000 - 0x00c00000 (virtual).
The overwrite test compares the (virtual) initrd location to the (physical)
first available memory location, which fails.
This patch converts initrd_start to a page frame number, so it can safely be
compared with min_low_pfn.
Before the introduction of discontiguous memory support on m68k
(12d810c1b8), min_low_pfn was just left
untouched by the m68k-specific code (zero, I guess), and everything worked
fine.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is based on Linus' idea of creating cpu_active_map that prevents
scheduler load balancer from migrating tasks to the cpu that is going
down.
It allows us to simplify domain management code and avoid unecessary
domain rebuilds during cpu hotplug event handling.
Please ignore the cpusets part for now. It needs some more work in order
to avoid crazy lock nesting. Although I did simplfy and unify domain
reinitialization logic. We now simply call partition_sched_domains() in
all the cases. This means that we're using exact same code paths as in
cpusets case and hence the test below cover cpusets too.
Cpuset changes to make rebuild_sched_domains() callable from various
contexts are in the separate patch (right next after this one).
This not only boots but also easily handles
while true; do make clean; make -j 8; done
and
while true; do on-off-cpu 1; done
at the same time.
(on-off-cpu 1 simple does echo 0/1 > /sys/.../cpu1/online thing).
Suprisingly the box (dual-core Core2) is quite usable. In fact I'm typing
this on right now in gnome-terminal and things are moving just fine.
Also this is running with most of the debug features enabled (lockdep,
mutex, etc) no BUG_ONs or lockdep complaints so far.
I believe I addressed all of the Dmitry's comments for original Linus'
version. I changed both fair and rt balancer to mask out non-active cpus.
And replaced cpu_is_offline() with !cpu_active() in the main scheduler
code where it made sense (to me).
Signed-off-by: Max Krasnyanskiy <maxk@qualcomm.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
Cc: dmitry.adamushko@gmail.com
Cc: pj@sgi.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* 'for_linus' of git://git.infradead.org/~dedekind/ubifs-2.6:
UBIFS: include to compilation
UBIFS: add new flash file system
UBIFS: add brief documentation
MAINTAINERS: add UBIFS section
do_mounts: allow UBI root device name
VFS: export sync_sb_inodes
VFS: move inode_lock into sync_sb_inodes
* 'generic-ipi-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (22 commits)
generic-ipi: more merge fallout
generic-ipi: merge fix
x86, visws: use mach-default/entry_arch.h
x86, visws: fix generic-ipi build
generic-ipi: fixlet
generic-ipi: fix s390 build bug
generic-ipi: fix linux-next tree build failure
fix: "smp_call_function: get rid of the unused nonatomic/retry argument"
fix: "smp_call_function: get rid of the unused nonatomic/retry argument"
fix "smp_call_function: get rid of the unused nonatomic/retry argument"
on_each_cpu(): kill unused 'retry' parameter
smp_call_function: get rid of the unused nonatomic/retry argument
sh: convert to generic helpers for IPI function calls
parisc: convert to generic helpers for IPI function calls
mips: convert to generic helpers for IPI function calls
m32r: convert to generic helpers for IPI function calls
arm: convert to generic helpers for IPI function calls
alpha: convert to generic helpers for IPI function calls
ia64: convert to generic helpers for IPI function calls
powerpc: convert to generic helpers for IPI function calls
...
Fix trivial conflicts due to rcu updates in kernel/rcupdate.c manually
Currently x86_32, sh and cris-v32 provide per-device coherent dma
memory allocator.
However their implementation is nearly identical. Refactor out
common code to be reused by them.
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Baryshkov <dbaryshkov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This adds kernel/smp.c which contains helpers for IPI function calls. In
addition to supporting the existing smp_call_function() in a more efficient
manner, it also adds a more scalable variant called smp_call_function_single()
for calling a given function on a single CPU only.
The core of this is based on the x86-64 patch from Nick Piggin, lots of
changes since then. "Alan D. Brunelle" <Alan.Brunelle@hp.com> has
contributed lots of fixes and suggestions as well. Also thanks to
Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> for reviewing RCU usage
and getting rid of the data allocation fallback deadlock.
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
As suggested by Ingo, remove all references to tsc from init/calibrate.c
TSC is x86 specific, and using tsc in variable names in a generic file should
be avoided. lpj_tsc is now called lpj_fine, since it is related to fine tuning
of lpj value. Also tsc_rate_* is called timer_rate_*
Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <akataria@vmware.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: Daniel Hecht <dhecht@vmware.com>
Cc: Tim Mann <mann@vmware.com>
Cc: Zach Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Cc: Sahil Rihan <srihan@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
On the x86 platform we can use the value of tsc_khz computed during tsc
calibration to calculate the loops_per_jiffy value. Its very important
to keep the error in lpj values to minimum as any error in that may
result in kernel panic in check_timer. In virtualization environment, On
a highly overloaded host the guest delay calibration may sometimes
result in errors beyond the ~50% that timer_irq_works can handle,
resulting in the guest panicking.
Does some formating changes to lpj_setup code to now have a single
printk to print the bogomips value.
We do this only for the boot processor because the AP's can have
different base frequencies or the BIOS might boot a AP at a different
frequency.
Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <akataria@vmware.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: Daniel Hecht <dhecht@vmware.com>
Cc: Tim Mann <mann@vmware.com>
Cc: Zach Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Cc: Sahil Rihan <srihan@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
init/Kconfig contains a list of configs that are searched
for if 'make *config' are used with no .config present.
Extend this list to look at the config identified by
ARCH_DEFCONFIG.
With this change we now try the defconfig targets last.
This fixes a regression reported
by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
This patch adds a proper extern for mdp_major in include/linux/raid/md.h
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fourth cut of patch to provide the call_rcu_sched(). This is again to
synchronize_sched() as call_rcu() is to synchronize_rcu().
Should be fine for experimental and -rt use, but not ready for inclusion.
With some luck, I will be able to tell Andrew to come out of hiding on
the next round.
Passes multi-day rcutorture sessions with concurrent CPU hotplugging.
Fixes since the first version include a bug that could result in
indefinite blocking (spotted by Gautham Shenoy), better resiliency
against CPU-hotplug operations, and other minor fixes.
Fixes since the second version include reworking grace-period detection
to avoid deadlocks that could happen when running concurrently with
CPU hotplug, adding Mathieu's fix to avoid the softlockup messages,
as well as Mathieu's fix to allow use earlier in boot.
Fixes since the third version include a wrong-CPU bug spotted by
Andrew, getting rid of the obsolete synchronize_kernel API that somehow
snuck back in, merging spin_unlock() and local_irq_restore() in a
few places, commenting the code that checks for quiescent states based
on interrupting from user-mode execution or the idle loop, removing
some inline attributes, and some code-style changes.
Known/suspected shortcomings:
o I still do not entirely trust the sleep/wakeup logic. Next step
will be to use a private snapshot of the CPU online mask in
rcu_sched_grace_period() -- if the CPU wasn't there at the start
of the grace period, we don't need to hear from it. And the
bit about accounting for changes in online CPUs inside of
rcu_sched_grace_period() is ugly anyway.
o It might be good for rcu_sched_grace_period() to invoke
resched_cpu() when a given CPU wasn't responding quickly,
but resched_cpu() is declared static...
This patch also fixes a long-standing bug in the earlier preemptable-RCU
implementation of synchronize_rcu() that could result in loss of
concurrent external changes to a task's CPU affinity mask. I still cannot
remember who reported this...
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
This patch fixes a build bug on m68k - gcc decides to emit a call to the
strlen library function, which we don't implement.
More importantly - my previous patch "init: don't lose initcall return
values" (commit e662e1cfd4) had introduced
potential buffer overflow by wrong calculation of string accumulator
size.
Use strlcat() instead, fixing both bugs.
Many thanks Andreas Schwab and Geert Uytterhoeven for helping
to catch and fix the bug.
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
One function to just loop over the entries, one function to actually do
the call and the associated debugging code.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Everybody wants to pass it a function pointer, and in fact, that is what
you _must_ pass it for it to make sense (since it knows that ia64 and
ppc64 use descriptors for function pointers and fetches the actual
address from there).
So don't make the argument be a 'unsigned long' and force everybody to
add a cast.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some devices, like md, may create partitions only at first access,
so allow root= to be set to a valid non-existant partition of an
existing disk. This applies only to non-initramfs root mounting.
This fixes a regression from 2.6.24 which did allow this to happen and
broke some users machines :(
Acked-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Tested-by: Joao Luis Meloni Assirati <assirati@nonada.if.usp.br>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
There is an ability to lose an initcall return value if it happened with irq
disabled or imbalanced preemption (and if we debug initcall).
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Linus found a logic bug: we ignore the version number in a module's
vermagic string if we have CONFIG_MODVERSIONS set, but modversions
also lets through a module with no __versions section for modprobe
--force (with tainting, but still).
We should only ignore the start of the vermagic string if the module
actually *has* crcs to check. Rather than (say) having an
entertaining hissy fit and creating a config option to work around the
buggy code.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
fix pcspkr dependancies: make the pcspkr platform
drivers to depend on a platform device, and
not the other way around.
Signed-off-by: Stas Sergeev <stsp@aknet.ru>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Dmitry Torokhov <dtor@mail.ru>
CC: Vojtech Pavlik <vojtech@suse.cz>
CC: Michael Opdenacker <michael-lists@free-electrons.com>
[fixed for 2.6.26-rc1 by tiwai]
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
GROUP_SCHED is confirmed to cause unacceptable latencies, see:
http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/5/2/370.
Mark it EXPERIMENTAL and default to no for now.
Signed-off-by: Parag Warudkar <parag.warudkar@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
this replaces the rq->clock stuff (and possibly cpu_clock()).
- architectures that have an 'imperfect' hardware clock can set
CONFIG_HAVE_UNSTABLE_SCHED_CLOCK
- the 'jiffie' window might be superfulous when we update tick_gtod
before the __update_sched_clock() call in sched_clock_tick()
- cpu_clock() might be implemented as:
sched_clock_cpu(smp_processor_id())
if the accuracy proves good enough - how far can TSC drift in a
single jiffie when considering the filtering and idle hooks?
[ mingo@elte.hu: various fixes and cleanups ]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The kernel module loader used to be much too happy to allow loading of
modules for the wrong kernel version by default. For example, if you
had MODVERSIONS enabled, but tried to load a module with no version
info, it would happily load it and taint the kernel - whether it was
likely to actually work or not!
Generally, such forced module loading should be considered a really
really bad idea, so make it conditional on a new config option
(MODULE_FORCE_LOAD), and make it default to off.
If somebody really wants to force module loads, that's their problem,
but we should not encourage it. Especially as it happened to me by
mistake (ie regular unversioned Fedora modules getting loaded) causing
lots of strange behavior.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If we make SLUB_DEBUG depend on SYSFS then we can simplify some
#ifdefs and avoid others.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the
kernel:
1) freeing of active objects
2) reinitialization of active objects
Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where
we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are
kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt
context and usually causes the machine to panic.
While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code
into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This
debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due
to the intrusiveness into the timer code.
The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause
instantly and keep the system operational.
Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug
information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special
knowledge of the bug reporter.
The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to
expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive,
but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug.
Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a
generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code
and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble.
The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic
objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on
object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is
freed.
The tracked object operations are:
- initializing an object
- adding an object to a subsystem list
- deleting an object from a subsystem list
Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the
subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent
the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message
and a stack trace is printed.
The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's
limited to the requirements of the first user (timers).
The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is
generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check
on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a
global lock.
The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead
is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line
option enables the debugging code.
Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are some places that are known to operate on tasks'
global pids only:
* the rest_init() call (called on boot)
* the kgdb's getthread
* the create_kthread() (since the kthread is run in init ns)
So use the find_task_by_pid_ns(..., &init_pid_ns) there
and schedule the find_task_by_pid for removal.
[sukadev@us.ibm.com: Fix warning in kernel/pid.c]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The global init has a lot of long standing problems with the unhandled fatal
signals.
- The "is_global_init(current)" check in get_signal_to_deliver()
protects only the main thread. Sub-thread can dequee the fatal
signal and shutdown the whole thread group except the main thread.
If it dequeues SIGSTOP /sbin/init will be stopped, this is not
right too. Note that we can't use is_global_init(->group_leader),
this breaks exec and this can't solve other problems we have.
- Even if afterwards ignored, the fatal signals sets SIGNAL_GROUP_EXIT
on delivery. This breaks exec, has other bad implications, and this
is just wrong.
Introduce the new SIGNAL_UNKILLABLE flag to fix these problems. It also helps
to solve some other problems addressed by the subsequent patches.
Currently we use this flag for the global init only, but it could also be used
by kthreads and (perhaps) by the sub-namespace inits.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Avoid a possible kmem_cache_create() failure by creating idr_layer_cache
unconditionary at boot time rather than creating it on-demand when idr_init()
is called the first time.
This change also enables us to eliminate the check every time idr_init() is
called.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: rename init_id_cache() to idr_init_cache()]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix alpha build]
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Disable sysctl_check.c for embedded targets. This saves about about 11 kB
in .text and another 11 kB in .data on a PXA255 embedded platform.
Signed-off-by: Holger Schurig <hs4233@mail.mn-solutions.de>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove the mem_cgroup member from mm_struct and instead adds an owner.
This approach was suggested by Paul Menage. The advantage of this approach
is that, once the mm->owner is known, using the subsystem id, the cgroup
can be determined. It also allows several control groups that are
virtually grouped by mm_struct, to exist independent of the memory
controller i.e., without adding mem_cgroup's for each controller, to
mm_struct.
A new config option CONFIG_MM_OWNER is added and the memory resource
controller selects this config option.
This patch also adds cgroup callbacks to notify subsystems when mm->owner
changes. The mm_cgroup_changed callback is called with the task_lock() of
the new task held and is called just prior to changing the mm->owner.
I am indebted to Paul Menage for the several reviews of this patchset and
helping me make it lighter and simpler.
This patch was tested on a powerpc box, it was compiled with both the
MM_OWNER config turned on and off.
After the thread group leader exits, it's moved to init_css_state by
cgroup_exit(), thus all future charges from runnings threads would be
redirected to the init_css_set's subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Sudhir Kumar <skumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: YAMAMOTO Takashi <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp>
Cc: Hirokazu Takahashi <taka@valinux.co.jp>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>,
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Reviewed-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Implement a cgroup to track and enforce open and mknod restrictions on device
files. A device cgroup associates a device access whitelist with each cgroup.
A whitelist entry has 4 fields. 'type' is a (all), c (char), or b (block).
'all' means it applies to all types and all major and minor numbers. Major
and minor are either an integer or * for all. Access is a composition of r
(read), w (write), and m (mknod).
The root device cgroup starts with rwm to 'all'. A child devcg gets a copy of
the parent. Admins can then remove devices from the whitelist or add new
entries. A child cgroup can never receive a device access which is denied its
parent. However when a device access is removed from a parent it will not
also be removed from the child(ren).
An entry is added using devices.allow, and removed using
devices.deny. For instance
echo 'c 1:3 mr' > /cgroups/1/devices.allow
allows cgroup 1 to read and mknod the device usually known as
/dev/null. Doing
echo a > /cgroups/1/devices.deny
will remove the default 'a *:* mrw' entry.
CAP_SYS_ADMIN is needed to change permissions or move another task to a new
cgroup. A cgroup may not be granted more permissions than the cgroup's parent
has. Any task can move itself between cgroups. This won't be sufficient, but
we can decide the best way to adequately restrict movement later.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix may-be-used-uninitialized warning]
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Looks-good-to: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Daniel Hokka Zakrisson <daniel@hozac.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The cgroup debug subsystem isn't generally useful for users. It should
default to "n".
Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Li Zefan" <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: "YAMAMOTO Takashi" <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Instead of using the malloc() and free() wrappers needed by the
lib/inflate.c code for allocations, simply use kmalloc() and kfree() in the
initramfs code. This is needed for a further lib/inflate.c-related cleanup
patch that will remove the malloc() and free() functions.
Take that opportunity to remove the useless kmalloc() return value
cast.
Based on work done by Matt Mackall.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@computergmbh.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
print_fn_descriptor_symbol() prints the address if we don't have a symbol, so
no need to print both.
Also, combine printing return value with elapsed time. Changes this:
Calling initcall 0xc05b7a70: pci_mmcfg_late_insert_resources+0x0/0x50()
initcall 0xc05b7a70: pci_mmcfg_late_insert_resources+0x0/0x50() returned 1.
initcall 0xc05b7a70 ran for 0 msecs: pci_mmcfg_late_insert_resources+0x0/0x50()
initcall at 0xc05b7a70: pci_mmcfg_late_insert_resources+0x0/0x50(): returned with error code 1
to this:
calling pci_mmcfg_late_insert_resources+0x0/0x50()
initcall pci_mmcfg_late_insert_resources+0x0/0x50() returned 1 after 0 msecs
initcall pci_mmcfg_late_insert_resources+0x0/0x50() returned with error code 1
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
16 kB is often no longer enough for a normal boot of an UP system.
And even less when people e.g. use suspend.
17 seems to be a more reasonable default for current kernels on current
hardware (it's just the default, anyone who is memory limited can still lower
it).
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
init/do_mounts_rd.c:215:13: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer
init/do_mounts_md.c:136:45: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer
Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
this option has been the default on a wide range of distributions
for a long time - time to make it non-experimental.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It's completely superfluous, CONFIG_COMPAT is sufficient.
What this used to be is an umbrella for enabling code shared
by all 32-bit compat binary support types. But with the
removal of SunOS and Solaris support, the only one left is
Linux 32-bit ELF.
Update defconfig.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Use the __weak macro instead of the longer __attribute__ ((weak)) form
in one place in init/main.c.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
--
init/main.c | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Some architectures need to maintain a kmem cache for thread info
structures. The next commit adds that to powerpc to fix an alignment
problem.
There is no good arch callback to use to initialize that cache
that I can find, so this adds a new one in the form of a weak
function whose default is empty.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Viktor was nice enough to enhance the document based on my replies to
his questions on the subject.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Move the setting of nr_cpu_ids from sched_init() to start_kernel()
so that it's available as early as possible.
Note that an arch has the option of setting it even earlier if need be,
but it should not result in a different value than the setup_nr_cpu_ids()
function.
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* Add a static cpumask_t variable "CPU_MASK_ALL_PTR" to use as
a pointer reference to CPU_MASK_ALL. This reduces where possible
the instances where CPU_MASK_ALL allocates and fills a large
array on the stack. Used only if NR_CPUS > BITS_PER_LONG.
* Change init/main.c to use new set_cpus_allowed_ptr().
Depends on:
[sched-devel]: sched: add new set_cpus_allowed_ptr function
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The per node counters are used mainly for showing data through the sysfs API.
If that API is not compiled in then there is no point in keeping track of this
data. Disable counters for the number of slabs and the number of total slabs
if !SLUB_DEBUG. Incrementing the per node counters is also accessing a
potentially contended cacheline so this could actually be a performance
benefit to embedded systems.
SLABINFO support is also affected. It now must depends on SLUB_DEBUG (which
is on by default).
Patch also avoids a check for a NULL kmem_cache_node pointer in new_slab()
if the system is not compiled with NUMA support.
[penberg@cs.helsinki.fi: fix oops and move ->nr_slabs into CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
This essentially reverts commit 71fc47a9ad
("ACPI: basic initramfs DSDT override support"), because the code simply
isn't ready.
It did ugly things to the init sequence to populate the rootfs image
early, but that just ended up showing other problems with the whole
approach. The fact is, the VFS layer simply isn't initialized this
early, and the relevant ACPI code should either run much later, or this
shouldn't be done at all.
For 2.6.25, we'll just pick the latter option. We can revisit this
concept later if necessary.
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Tilman Schmidt <tilman@imap.cc>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>
Cc: Eric Piel <eric.piel@tremplin-utc.net>
Cc: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Markus Gaugusch <dsdt@gaugusch.at>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The original preemptible-RCU patch put the choice between classic and
preemptible RCU into kernel/Kconfig.preempt, which resulted in build failures
on machines not supporting CONFIG_PREEMPT. This choice was therefore moved to
init/Kconfig, which worked, but placed the choice between classic and
preemptible RCU at the top level, a very obtuse choice indeed.
This patch changes from the Kconfig "choice" mechanism to a pair of booleans,
only one of which (CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU) is user-visible, and is located in
kernel/Kconfig.preempt, where one would expect it to be. The other
(CONFIG_CLASSIC_RCU) is in init/Kconfig so that it is available to all
architectures, hopefully avoiding build breakage. Thanks to Roman Zippel for
suggesting this approach.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@freedesktop.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-2.6:
debugfs: fix sparse warnings
Driver core: Fix cleanup when failing device_add().
driver core: Remove dpm_sysfs_remove() from error path of device_add()
PM: fix new mutex-locking bug in the PM core
PM: Do not acquire device semaphores upfront during suspend
kobject: properly initialize ksets
sysfs: CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED fix
driver core: fix up Kconfig text for CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
Rename Memory Controller to Memory Resource Controller. Reflect the same
changes in the CONFIG definition for the Memory Resource Controller. Group
together the config options for Resource Counters and Memory Resource
Controller.
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Keith Mannthey said:
The parameter hotadd_percent is setup right but there is a "Malformed
early option 'numa'" message.
Rusty Russell said:
This happens when the function registered with early_param() returns
non-zero. __setup() functions return 1 if OK, module_param() and
early_param() return 0 or a -ve error code.
For instance:
Linux version 2.6.25-rc3-t (raa@steel) (gcc version 4.1.3 20070929 (prerelease) (Ubuntu 4.1.2-16ubuntu2)) #22 SMP PREEMPT Tue Feb 26
BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 00000000000a0000 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 00000000000f0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000003fff0000 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000003fff0000 - 000000003fff3000 (ACPI NVS)
BIOS-e820: 000000003fff3000 - 0000000040000000 (ACPI data)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
Malformed early option 'loglevel'
127MB HIGHMEM available.
896MB LOWMEM available.
Command line:
BOOT_IMAGE=2.6.25-t ro root=809 ro console=ttyS0,57600n8 console=tty0 loglevel=5
Acked-by: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmai.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Keith Mannthey <kmannth@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y changed its meaning recently and causes
regressions in working setups that had SYSFS_DEPRECATED disabled.
so rename it to SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2 so that testers pick up the new
default via 'make oldconfig', even if their old .config's disabled
CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED ...
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
As things get moved into this config option, the hard date of 2006 does
not work anymore, so update the text to be more descriptive.
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Document huge memory/cache overhead of memory controller in Kconfig
I was a little surprised that 2.6.25-rc* increased struct page for the
memory controller. At least on many x86-64 machines it will not fit into a
single cache line now anymore and also costs considerable amounts of RAM.
At earlier review I remembered asking for a external data structure for
this.
It's also quite unobvious that a innocent looking Kconfig option with a
single line Kconfig description has such a negative effect.
This patch attempts to document these disadvantages at least so that users
configuring their kernel can make a informed decision.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Use struct path in fs_struct.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruen@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jan Blunck <jblunck@suse.de>
Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make the rt group scheduler compile time configurable.
Keep it experimental for now.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
When make -s support were added to filechk to
combination created with make V=1 were not
covered.
Fix it by explicitly cover this case too.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
DEBUG_PAGEALLOC must not be enabled before mem_init(). Before this
point there is nothing to allocate.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
So we can use them for the early console like console=uart8250 or
earlycon=uart8250 or early_printk
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai.lu@sun.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As Eric pointed out, there is no problem with init starting with sid == pgid
== 0, and this was historical linux behavior changed in 2.6.18.
Remove kernel_init()->__set_special_pids(), this is unneeded and complicates
the rules for sys_setsid().
This change and the previous change in daemonize() mean that /sbin/init does
not need the special "session != 1" hack in sys_setsid() any longer. We can't
remove this check yet, we should cleanup copy_process(CLONE_NEWPID) first, so
update the comment only.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change set_special_pids() to work with struct pid, not pid_t from global name
space. This again speedups and imho cleanups the code, also a preparation for
the next patch.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Just like with the user namespaces, move the namespace management code into
the separate .c file and mark the (already existing) PID_NS option as "depend
on NAMESPACES"
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make the user_namespace.o compilation depend on this option and move the
init_user_ns into user.c file to make the kernel compile and work without the
namespaces support. This make the user namespace code be organized similar to
other namespaces'.
Also mask the USER_NS option as "depend on NAMESPACES".
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently the IPC namespace management code is spread over the ipc/*.c files.
I moved this code into ipc/namespace.c file which is compiled out when needed.
The linux/ipc_namespace.h file is used to store the prototypes of the
functions in namespace.c and the stubs for NAMESPACES=n case. This is done
so, because the stub for copy_ipc_namespace requires the knowledge of the
CLONE_NEWIPC flag, which is in sched.h. But the linux/ipc.h file itself in
included into many many .c files via the sys.h->sem.h sequence so adding the
sched.h into it will make all these .c depend on sched.h which is not that
good. On the other hand the knowledge about the namespaces stuff is required
in 4 .c files only.
Besides, this patch compiles out some auxiliary functions from ipc/sem.c,
msg.c and shm.c files. It turned out that moving these functions into
namespaces.c is not that easy because they use many other calls and macros
from the original file. Moving them would make this patch complicated. On
the other hand all these functions can be consolidated, so I will send a
separate patch doing this a bit later.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently all the namespace management code is in the kernel/utsname.c file,
so just compile it out and make stubs in the appropriate header.
The init namespace itself is in init/version.c and is in the kernel all the
time.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The option is selectable if EMBEDDED is chosen only. When the EMBEDDED is off
namespaces will be on.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Setup the memory cgroup and add basic hooks and controls to integrate
and work with the cgroup.
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
With fixes from David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Introduce generic structures and routines for resource accounting.
Each resource accounting cgroup is supposed to aggregate it,
cgroup_subsystem_state and its resource-specific members within.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The basics of DSDT from initramfs. In case this option is selected,
populate_rootfs() is called a bit earlier to have the initramfs content
available during ACPI initialization.
This is a very similar path to the one available at
http://gaugusch.at/kernel.shtml but with some update in the
documentation, default set to No and the change of populate_rootfs() the
"Jeff Mahony way" (which avoids reading the initramfs twice).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Eric Piel <eric.piel@tremplin-utc.net>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
based on similar patch from: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Introduce CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK. If disabled then the kernel is free
(but not obliged to) randomize the brk area.
Heap randomization breaks ancient binaries, so we keep COMPAT_BRK
enabled by default.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
calibrate_delay() must be __cpuinit, not __{dev,}init.
I've verified that this is correct for all users.
While doing the latter, I also did the following cleanups:
- remove pointless additional prototypes in C files
- ensure all users #include <linux/delay.h>
This fixes the following section mismatches with CONFIG_HOTPLUG=n,
CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU=y:
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x1128d): Section mismatch: reference to .init.text.1:calibrate_delay (between 'check_cx686_slop' and 'set_cx86_reorder')
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x25102): Section mismatch: reference to .init.text.1:calibrate_delay (between 'smp_callin' and 'cpu_coregroup_map')
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Christian Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Given that init/Makefile includes initramfs.c in the build only if
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD is defined, there seems to be no point checking for
it yet again.
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Ad a proper prototype for migration_init() in include/linux/fs.h
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a proper prototype for signals_init() in include/linux/signal.h
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- All implementations can be __devinit
- The function prototypes were in asm/timex.h but they all must be the same,
so create a single declaration in linux/timex.h.
- uninline the sparc64 version to match the other architectures
- Don't bother #defining ARCH_HAS_READ_CURRENT_TIMER to a particular value.
[ezk@cs.sunysb.edu: fix build]
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make /proc/ page monitoring configurable
This puts the following files under an embedded config option:
/proc/pid/clear_refs
/proc/pid/smaps
/proc/pid/pagemap
/proc/kpagecount
/proc/kpageflags
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: Kconfig fix]
Signed-off-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove the broken status to CONFIG_TIMERFD.
Signed-off-by: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Puts the content of arch/Kconfig in the "General setup" menu.
Linus:
> Should it come with a re-duplication of it's content into each
> architecture, which was the case previously ? The oprofile and kprobes
> menu entries were litteraly cut and pasted from one architecture to
> another. Should we put its content in init/Kconfig then ?
I don't think it's a good idea to go back to making it per-architecture,
although that extensive "depends on <list-of-archiectures-here>" might
indicate that there certainly is room for cleanup there.
And I don't think it's wrong keeping it in kernel/Kconfig.xyz per se, I
just think it's wrong to (a) lump the code together when it really doesn't
necessarily need to and (b) show it to users as some kind of choice that
is tied together (whether it then has common code or not).
On the per-architecture side, I do think it would be better to *not* have
internal architecture knowledge in a generic file, and as such a line like
depends on X86_32 || IA64 || PPC || S390 || SPARC64 || X86_64 || AVR32
really shouldn't exist in a file like kernel/Kconfig.instrumentation.
It would be much better to do
depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_KPROBES
in that generic file, and then architectures that do support it would just
have a
bool ARCH_SUPPORTS_KPROBES
default y
in *their* architecture files. That would seem to be much more logical,
and is readable both for arch maintainers *and* for people who have no
clue - and don't care - about which architecture is supposed to support
which interface...
Sam Ravnborg:
Stuff it into a new file: arch/Kconfig
We can then extend this file to include all the 'trailing'
Kconfig things that are anyway equal for all ARCHs.
But it should be kept clean - so if we introduce such a file
then we should use ARCH_HAS_whatever in the arch specific Kconfig
files to enable stuff that is not shared.
[...]
The above suggestion is actually not exactly the best way to do it...
First the naming..
A quick grep shows following usage today (in Kconfig files)
ARCH_HAS 51
ARCH_SUPPORTS 4
HAVE_ARCH 7
ARCH_HAS is the clear winner.
In the common Kconfig file do:
config FOO
depends on ARCH_HAS_FOO
bool "bla bla"
config ARCH_HAS_FOO
def_bool n
In the arch specific Kconfig file in a suitable place do:
config SUITABLE_OPTION
select ARCH_HAS_FOO
The naming of ARCH_HAS_ is fixed and shall be:
ARCH_HAS_<config option it will enable>
Only a single line added pr. architecture.
And we will end up with a (maybe even commented) list of trivial selects.
- Yet another update :
Moving to HAVE_* now.
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
This patch supplies help text for the "RCU implementation type"
kernel configuration choice.
Reported-by: Stefan Richter <stefanr@s5r6.in-berlin.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
get more testing of the c_p_a() code done by not turning off
PSE on DEBUG_PAGEALLOC.
this simplifies the early pagetable setup code, and tests
the largepage-splitup code quite heavily.
In the end, all the largepages will be split up pretty quickly,
so there's no difference to how DEBUG_PAGEALLOC worked before.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
On VMs implemented using JITs that cache translated code changing the lock
prefixes is a quite costly operation that forces the JIT to throw away and
retranslate a lot of code.
Previously a SMP kernel would rewrite the locks once for each CPU which
is quite unnecessary. This patch changes the code to never switch at boot in
the normal case (SMP kernel booting with >1 CPU) or only once for SMP kernel
on UP.
This makes a significant difference in boot up performance on AMD SimNow!
Also I expect it to be a little faster on native systems too because a smp
switch does a lot of text_poke()s which each synchronize the pipeline.
v1->v2: Rename max_cpus
v1->v2: Fix off by one in UP check (Thomas Gleixner)
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
The use of the __GENERIC_PERCPU is a bit problematic since arches
may want to run their own percpu setup while using the generic
percpu definitions. Replace it through a kconfig variable.
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Use the environment option to provide the ARCH symbol
and the KERNELVERSION symbol.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
This patch implements a new version of RCU which allows its read-side
critical sections to be preempted. It uses a set of counter pairs
to keep track of the read-side critical sections and flips them
when all tasks exit read-side critical section. The details
of this implementation can be found in this paper -
http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/OLSrtRCU.2006.08.11a.pdf
and the article-
http://lwn.net/Articles/253651/
This patch was developed as a part of the -rt kernel development and
meant to provide better latencies when read-side critical sections of
RCU don't disable preemption. As a consequence of keeping track of RCU
readers, the readers have a slight overhead (optimizations in the paper).
This implementation co-exists with the "classic" RCU implementations
and can be switched to at compiler.
Also includes RCU tracing summarized in debugfs.
[ akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fixes on non-preempt architectures ]
Signed-off-by: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch implements a Refcount + Waitqueue based model for
cpu-hotplug.
Now, a thread which wants to prevent cpu-hotplug, will bump up a global
refcount and the thread which wants to perform a cpu-hotplug operation
will block till the global refcount goes to zero.
The readers, if any, during an ongoing cpu-hotplug operation are blocked
until the cpu-hotplug operation is over.
Signed-off-by: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> [For !CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/selinux-2.6:
selinux: make mls_compute_sid always polyinstantiate
security/selinux: constify function pointer tables and fields
security: add a secctx_to_secid() hook
security: call security_file_permission from rw_verify_area
security: remove security_sb_post_mountroot hook
Security: remove security.h include from mm.h
Security: remove security_file_mmap hook sparse-warnings (NULL as 0).
Security: add get, set, and cloning of superblock security information
security/selinux: Add missing "space"
Make SYSFS_DEPRECATED depend on SYSFS since files that check
CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED don't check for CONFIG_SYSFS first.
Also don't prompt user about SYSFS_DEPRECATED if SYSFS=n.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This moves the block devices to /sys/class/block. It will create a
flat list of all block devices, with the disks and partitions in one
directory. For compatibility /sys/block is created and contains symlinks
to the disks.
/sys/class/block
|-- sda -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda
|-- sda1 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1
|-- sda10 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda10
|-- sda5 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda5
|-- sda6 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda6
|-- sda7 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda7
|-- sda8 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda8
|-- sda9 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda9
`-- sr0 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0/block/sr0
/sys/block/
|-- sda -> ../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda
`-- sr0 -> ../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0/block/sr0
Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The security_sb_post_mountroot() hook is long-since obsolete, and is
fundamentally broken: it is never invoked if someone uses initramfs.
This is particularly damaging, because the existence of this hook has
been used as motivation for not using initramfs.
Stephen Smalley confirmed on 2007-07-19 that this hook was originally
used by SELinux but can now be safely removed:
http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=118485683612916&w=2
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@parisplace.org>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Both SLUB and SLAB really did almost exactly the same thing for
/proc/slabinfo setup, using duplicate code and per-allocator #ifdef's.
This just creates a common CONFIG_SLABINFO that is enabled by both SLUB
and SLAB, and shares all the setup code. Maybe SLOB will want this some
day too.
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit cfb5285660 removed a useful feature for
us, which provided a cpu accounting resource controller. This feature would be
useful if someone wants to group tasks only for accounting purpose and doesnt
really want to exercise any control over their cpu consumption.
The patch below reintroduces the feature. It is based on Paul Menage's
original patch (Commit 62d0df6406), with
these differences:
- Removed load average information. I felt it needs more thought (esp
to deal with SMP and virtualized platforms) and can be added for
2.6.25 after more discussions.
- Convert group cpu usage to be nanosecond accurate (as rest of the cfs
stats are) and invoke cpuacct_charge() from the respective scheduler
classes
- Make accounting scalable on SMP systems by splitting the usage
counter to be per-cpu
- Move the code from kernel/cpu_acct.c to kernel/sched.c (since the
code is not big enough to warrant a new file and also this rightly
needs to live inside the scheduler. Also things like accessing
rq->lock while reading cpu usage becomes easier if the code lived in
kernel/sched.c)
The patch also modifies the cpu controller not to provide the same accounting
information.
Tested-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested the patches on top of 2.6.24-rc3. The patches work fine. Ran
some simple tests like cpuspin (spin on the cpu), ran several tasks in
the same group and timed them. Compared their time stamps with
cpuacct.usage.
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Add appropriate freezer annotations to handle_initrd(), so that it's possible
to resume from disk from an initrd.
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=9345
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@nigel.suspend2.net>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Chris Friedhoff <chris@friedhoff.org>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
This is my trivial patch to swat innumerable little bugs with a single
blow.
After some intensive review (my apologies for not having gotten to this
sooner) what we have looks like a good base to build on with the current
pid namespace code but it is not complete, and it is still much to simple
to find issues where the kernel does the wrong thing outside of the initial
pid namespace.
Until the dust settles and we are certain we have the ABI and the
implementation is as correct as humanly possible let's keep process ID
namespaces behind CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL.
Allowing us the option of fixing any ABI or other bugs we find as long as
they are minor.
Allowing users of the kernel to avoid those bugs simply by ensuring their
kernel does not have support for multiple pid namespaces.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: Kir Kolyshkin <kir@swsoft.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Revert 62d0df6406.
This was originally intended as a simple initial example of how to create a
control groups subsystem; it wasn't intended for mainline, but I didn't make
this clear enough to Andrew.
The CFS cgroup subsystem now has better functionality for the per-cgroup usage
accounting (based directly on CFS stats) than the "usage" status file in this
patch, and the "load" status file is rather simplistic - although having a
per-cgroup load average report would be a useful feature, I don't believe this
patch actually provides it. If it gets into the final 2.6.24 we'd probably
have to support this interface for ever.
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch adds a proper prototype for migration_init() in
include/linux/sched.h
Since there's no point in always returning 0 to a caller that doesn't check
the return value it also changes the function to return void.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
New kind of audit rule predicates: "object is visible in given subtree".
The part that can be sanely implemented, that is. Limitations:
* if you have hardlink from outside of tree, you'd better watch
it too (or just watch the object itself, obviously)
* if you mount something under a watched tree, tell audit
that new chunk should be added to watched subtrees
* if you umount something in a watched tree and it's still mounted
elsewhere, you will get matches on events happening there. New command
tells audit to recalculate the trees, trimming such sources of false
positives.
Note that it's _not_ about path - if something mounted in several places
(multiple mount, bindings, different namespaces, etc.), the match does
_not_ depend on which one we are using for access.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
The header file <linux/compiler.h> already enforces a suitably recent
version of gcc, so there's no point checking for that again.
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Enable "cgroup" (formerly containers) based fair group scheduling. This
will let administrator create arbitrary groups of tasks (using "cgroup"
pseudo filesystem) and control their cpu bandwidth usage.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix cpp condition]
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Dhaval Giani <dhaval@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a task enters a new namespace via a clone() or unshare(), a new cgroup
is created and the task moves into it.
This version names cgroups which are automatically created using
cgroup_clone() as "node_<pid>" where pid is the pid of the unsharing or
cloned process. (Thanks Pavel for the idea) This is safe because if the
process unshares again, it will create
/cgroups/(...)/node_<pid>/node_<pid>
The only possibilities (AFAICT) for a -EEXIST on unshare are
1. pid wraparound
2. a process fails an unshare, then tries again.
Case 1 is unlikely enough that I ignore it (at least for now). In case 2, the
node_<pid> will be empty and can be rmdir'ed to make the subsequent unshare()
succeed.
Changelog:
Name cloned cgroups as "node_<pid>".
[clg@fr.ibm.com: fix order of cgroup subsystems in init/Kconfig]
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This example subsystem exports debugging information as an aid to diagnosing
refcount leaks, etc, in the cgroup framework.
Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This example demonstrates how to use the generic cgroup subsystem for a
simple resource tracker that counts, for the processes in a cgroup, the
total CPU time used and the %CPU used in the last complete 10 second interval.
Portions contributed by Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove the filesystem support logic from the cpusets system and makes cpusets
a cgroup subsystem
The "cpuset" filesystem becomes a dummy filesystem; attempts to mount it get
passed through to the cgroup filesystem with the appropriate options to
emulate the old cpuset filesystem behaviour.
Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Generic Process Control Groups
--------------------------
There have recently been various proposals floating around for
resource management/accounting and other task grouping subsystems in
the kernel, including ResGroups, User BeanCounters, NSProxy
cgroups, and others. These all need the basic abstraction of being
able to group together multiple processes in an aggregate, in order to
track/limit the resources permitted to those processes, or control
other behaviour of the processes, and all implement this grouping in
different ways.
This patchset provides a framework for tracking and grouping processes
into arbitrary "cgroups" and assigning arbitrary state to those
groupings, in order to control the behaviour of the cgroup as an
aggregate.
The intention is that the various resource management and
virtualization/cgroup efforts can also become task cgroup
clients, with the result that:
- the userspace APIs are (somewhat) normalised
- it's easier to test e.g. the ResGroups CPU controller in
conjunction with the BeanCounters memory controller, or use either of
them as the resource-control portion of a virtual server system.
- the additional kernel footprint of any of the competing resource
management systems is substantially reduced, since it doesn't need
to provide process grouping/containment, hence improving their
chances of getting into the kernel
This patch:
Add the main task cgroups framework - the cgroup filesystem, and the
basic structures for tracking membership and associating subsystem state
objects to tasks.
Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Get rid of sparse related warnings from places that use integer as NULL
pointer.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Ian Kent <raven@themaw.net>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Kconfig.preempt is not included on some archs (for example, m68k). On those
archs, the Kconfig machinery complains that KVM selects an undefined symbol
PREEMPT_NOTIFIERS (which lives in Kconfig.preempt).
So move the offending symbol into a Kconfig file which is included by
everyone.
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sam/kbuild: (40 commits)
kbuild: introduce ccflags-y, asflags-y and ldflags-y
kbuild: enable 'make CPPFLAGS=...' to add additional options to CPP
kbuild: enable use of AFLAGS and CFLAGS on commandline
kbuild: enable 'make AFLAGS=...' to add additional options to AS
kbuild: fix AFLAGS use in h8300 and m68knommu
kbuild: check for wrong use of CFLAGS
kbuild: enable 'make CFLAGS=...' to add additional options to CC
kbuild: fix up CFLAGS usage
kbuild: make modpost detect unterminated device id lists
kbuild: call export_report from the Makefile
kbuild: move Kai Germaschewski to CREDITS
kconfig/menuconfig: distinguish between selected-by-another options and comments
kconfig: tristate choices with mixed tristate and boolean values
include/linux/Kbuild: remove duplicate entries
kbuild: kill backward compatibility checks
kbuild: kill EXTRA_ARFLAGS
kbuild: fix documentation in makefiles.txt
kbuild: call make once for all targets when O=.. is used
kbuild: pass -g to assembler under CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO
kbuild: update _shipped files for kconfig syntax cleanup
...
Fix up conflicts in arch/um/sys-{x86_64,i386}/Makefile manually.
Grouping pages by mobility can be disabled at compile-time. This was
considered undesirable by a number of people. However, in the current stack of
patches, it is not a simple case of just dropping the configurable patch as it
would cause merge conflicts. This patch backs out the configuration option.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The grouping mechanism has some memory overhead and a more complex allocation
path. This patch allows the strategy to be disabled for small memory systems
or if it is known the workload is suffering because of the strategy. It also
acts to show where the page groupings strategy interacts with the standard
buddy allocator.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Joel Schopp <jschopp@austin.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Optionally add a boot delay after each kernel printk() call, crudely
measured in milliseconds, with a maximum delay of 10 seconds per printk.
Enable CONFIG_BOOT_PRINTK_DELAY=y and then add (e.g.):
"lpj=loops_per_jiffy boot_delay=100"
to the kernel command line.
It has been useful in cases like "during boot, my machine just reboots or the
screen goes black" by slowing down printk, (and adding initcall_debug), we can
usually see the last thing that happened before the lights went out which is
usually a valuable clue.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: not all architectures implement CONFIG_HZ]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix lots of stuff]
[bunk@stusta.de: kernel/printk.c: make 2 variables static]
[heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com: fix slow down printk on boot compile error]
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Enable user-id based fair group scheduling. This is useful for anyone
who wants to test the group scheduler w/o having to enable
CONFIG_CGROUPS.
A separate scheduling group (i.e struct task_grp) is automatically created for
every new user added to the system. Upon uid change for a task, it is made to
move to the corresponding scheduling group.
A /proc tunable (/proc/root_user_share) is also provided to tune root
user's quota of cpu bandwidth.
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Dhaval Giani <dhaval@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
With the view of supporting user-id based fair scheduling (and not just
container-based fair scheduling), this patch renames several functions
and makes them independent of whether they are being used for container
or user-id based fair scheduling.
Also fix a problem reported by KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki (wrt allocating
less-sized array for tg->cfs_rq[] and tf->se[]).
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Dhaval Giani <dhaval@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Add interface to control cpu bandwidth allocation to task-groups.
(not yet configurable, due to missing CONFIG_CONTAINERS)
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Dhaval Giani <dhaval@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
The variable CFLAGS is a wellknown variable and the usage by
kbuild may result in unexpected behaviour.
On top of that several people over time has asked for a way to
pass in additional flags to gcc.
This patch replace use of CFLAGS with KBUILD_CFLAGS all over the
tree and enabling one to use:
make CFLAGS=...
to specify additional gcc commandline options.
One usecase is when trying to find gcc bugs but other
use cases has been requested too.
Patch was tested on following architectures:
alpha, arm, i386, x86_64, mips, sparc, sparc64, ia64, m68k
Test was simple to do a defconfig build, apply the patch and check
that nothing got rebuild.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
There is still some confusion and disagreement over what this interface should
actually do. So it is best that we disable it in 2.6.23 until we get that
fully sorted out.
(sys_timerfd() was present in 2.6.22 but it was apparently broken, so here we
assume that nobody is using it yet).
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net>
Cc: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 8314418629 (Freezer: make kernel
threads nonfreezable by default) breaks freezing when attempting to resume
from an initrd, because the init (which is freezeable) spins while waiting
for another thread to run /linuxrc, but doesn't check whether it has been
told to enter the refrigerator. The original patch replaced a call to
try_to_freeze() with a call to yield(). I believe a simple reversion is
wrong because if !CONFIG_PM_SLEEP, try_to_freeze() is a noop. It should
still yield.
Signed-off-by: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@nigel.suspend2.net>
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Alexey Dobriyan reports that maxcpus=1 is still broken in 2.6.23-rc4:
if CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU is not set, x86_64 bootup oopses in show_stat() -
for_each_possible_cpu accesses a per-cpu area which was never set up.
Alexey identified commit 61ec7567db
(ACPI: boot correctly with "nosmp" or "maxcpus=0") as the origin;
but it's not really to blame, just exposes a bug in 2.6.23-rc1's commit
8b3b295502 (Especially when !CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU,
avoid needlessy allocating resources for CPUs that can never become available).
rc1's test for max_cpus < 2 in start_kernel() wasn't working because
max_cpus was still NR_CPUS at that point: until rc4 moved the maxcpus
parsing earlier. Now it sets cpu_possible_map to 1 before allocating
all possible per-cpu areas; then smp_init() expands cpu_possible_map
to cpu_present_map (0xf in my case) later on.
rc1's commit has good intentions, but expects cpu_present_map to be
limited by maxcpus, which is only the case on i386. cpus_and(possible,
possible,present) might be good, but needs an audit of cpu_present_map
uses - there may well be assumptions that any cpu present is possible.
So stay safe for now and just revert those #ifndef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
optimizations in rc1's commit.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@sw.ru>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 61ec7567db ('ACPI: boot correctly
with "nosmp" or "maxcpus=0"') broke 'maxcpus=' handling on x86[-64].
maxcpus=N is now having no effect on x86_64, and freezing bootup on i386
(because of inconsistency with the separate maxcpus parsing down in
arch/i386, I guess). That's because early_param parsing is a little
different from __setup parsing, and needs the "=" omitted: then it seems
to work as the original commit intended (no mention of IO-APIC in
/proc/interrupts when maxcpus=0).
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In MPS mode, "nosmp" and "maxcpus=0" boot a UP kernel with IOAPIC disabled.
However, in ACPI mode, these parameters didn't completely disable
the IO APIC initialization code and boot failed.
init/main.c:
Disable the IO_APIC if "nosmp" or "maxcpus=0"
undefine disable_ioapic_setup() when it doesn't apply.
i386:
delete ioapic_setup(), it was a duplicate of parse_noapic()
delete undefinition of disable_ioapic_setup()
x86_64:
rename disable_ioapic_setup() to parse_noapic() to match i386
define disable_ioapic_setup() in header to match i386
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1641
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Remove the top level menu "Code maturity level options", and moves its
options into menu "General setup".
This makes Kconfig less cluttered and easier to setup.
Signed-off-by: Al Boldi <a1426z@gawab.com>
Acked-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There doesn't seem to be a good reason for ANON_INODES being
an user visible option.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Acked-by: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lethal/sh-2.6.23:
sh: Fix fs.h removal from mm.h regressions.
sh: fix get_wchan() for SH kernels without framepointers
sh: arch/sh/boot - fix shell usage
rtc: rtc-sh: Correct sh_rtc_set_time() for some SH-3 parts.
sh: remove support for sh7300 and solution engine 7300
sh: Add sh to the CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE dependencies.
sh: Kill off virt_to_bus()/bus_to_virt().
sh: sh-sci - fix SH7708 support
sh: Restrict DSP support to specific CPUs.
sh: Silence sq compile warning on sh4 nommu.
sh: Kill the rest of the SE73180 cruft.
sh: remove support for sh73180 and solution engine 73180
sh: remove old broken pint code
sh: Reclaim beginning of P3 space for vmalloc area.
sh: Fix Dreamcast DMA issues.
sh: Add kmap_coherent()/kunmap_coherent() interface for SH-4.
Presently we only use this with CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL, but it is
something that can be supported commonly.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Currently, the freezer treats all tasks as freezable, except for the kernel
threads that explicitly set the PF_NOFREEZE flag for themselves. This
approach is problematic, since it requires every kernel thread to either
set PF_NOFREEZE explicitly, or call try_to_freeze(), even if it doesn't
care for the freezing of tasks at all.
It seems better to only require the kernel threads that want to or need to
be frozen to use some freezer-related code and to remove any
freezer-related code from the other (nonfreezable) kernel threads, which is
done in this patch.
The patch causes all kernel threads to be nonfreezable by default (ie. to
have PF_NOFREEZE set by default) and introduces the set_freezable()
function that should be called by the freezable kernel threads in order to
unset PF_NOFREEZE. It also makes all of the currently freezable kernel
threads call set_freezable(), so it shouldn't cause any (intentional)
change of behaviour to appear. Additionally, it updates documentation to
describe the freezing of tasks more accurately.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fixes]
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@nigel.suspend2.net>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are some reports that 2.6.22 has SLUB as the default. Not
true!
This will make SLUB the default for 2.6.23.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Especially when !CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU, avoid needlessy allocating resources for
CPUs that can never become available.
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It's useful sometimes to disable the softlockup checker at boottime.
Especially if it triggers during a distro install.
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Basically, it will allow a process to unshare its user_struct table,
resetting at the same time its own user_struct and all the associated
accounting.
A new root user (uid == 0) is added to the user namespace upon creation.
Such root users have full privileges and it seems that theses privileges
should be controlled through some means (process capabilities ?)
The unshare is not included in this patch.
Changes since [try #4]:
- Updated get_user_ns and put_user_ns to accept NULL, and
get_user_ns to return the namespace.
Changes since [try #3]:
- moved struct user_namespace to files user_namespace.{c,h}
Changes since [try #2]:
- removed struct user_namespace* argument from find_user()
Changes since [try #1]:
- removed struct user_namespace* argument from find_user()
- added a root_user per user namespace
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Andrew Morgan <agm@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
CONFIG_UTS_NS and CONFIG_IPC_NS have very little value as they only
deactivate the unshare of the uts and ipc namespaces and do not improve
performance.
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Acked-by: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some buses (e.g. USB and MMC) do their scanning of devices in the
background, causing a race between them and prepare_namespace(). In order
to be able to use these buses without an initrd, we now wait for the device
specified in root= to actually show up.
If the device never shows up than we will hang in an infinite loop. In
order to not mess with setups that reboot on panic, the feature must be
turned on via the command line option "rootwait".
[bunk@stusta.de: root_wait can become static]
Signed-off-by: Pierre Ossman <drzeus@drzeus.cx>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change menuconfig objects from "menu, config" into "menuconfig" so that the
user can disable the whole feature without entering its menu first.
Signed-off-by: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@gmx.de>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently slob is disabled if we're using sparsemem, due to an earlier
patch from Goto-san. Slob and static sparsemem work without any trouble as
it is, and the only hiccup is a missing slab_is_available() in the case of
sparsemem extreme. With this, we're rid of the last set of restrictions
for slob usage.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Acked-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Beacuse SERIAL_PORT_DFNS is removed from include/asm-i386/serial.h and
include/asm-x86_64/serial.h. the serial8250_ports need to be probed late in
serial initializing stage. the console_init=>serial8250_console_init=>
register_console=>serial8250_console_setup will return -ENDEV, and console
ttyS0 can not be enabled at that time. need to wait till uart_add_one_port in
drivers/serial/serial_core.c to call register_console to get console ttyS0.
that is too late.
Make early_uart to use early_param, so uart console can be used earlier. Make
it to be bootconsole with CON_BOOT flag, so can use console handover feature.
and it will switch to corresponding normal serial console automatically.
new command line will be:
console=uart8250,io,0x3f8,9600n8
console=uart8250,mmio,0xff5e0000,115200n8
or
earlycon=uart8250,io,0x3f8,9600n8
earlycon=uart8250,mmio,0xff5e0000,115200n8
it will print in very early stage:
Early serial console at I/O port 0x3f8 (options '9600n8')
console [uart0] enabled
later for console it will print:
console handover: boot [uart0] -> real [ttyS0]
Signed-off-by: <yinghai.lu@sun.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
"menu, endmenu" that did not get cleaned up in the block patch
[ http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/4/10/251 ]
Signed-off-by: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
add the init_idle_bootup_task() callback to the bootup thread,
unused at the moment. (CFS will use it to switch the scheduling
class of the boot thread to the idle class)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
No arch sets ARCH_USES_SLAB_PAGE_STRUCT anymore.
Remove the experimental dependency as well since we want to have it as
a real alternative to SLAB.
It all comes down to killing a single line from init/Kconfig.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The SLOB allocator should implement SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU correctly, because
even on UP, RCU freeing semantics are not equivalent to simply freeing
immediately. This also allows SLOB to be used on SMP.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Acked-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is a very simple and light file descriptor, that can be used as event
wait/dispatch by userspace (both wait and dispatch) and by the kernel
(dispatch only). It can be used instead of pipe(2) in all cases where those
would simply be used to signal events. Their kernel overhead is much lower
than pipes, and they do not consume two fds. When used in the kernel, it can
offer an fd-bridge to enable, for example, functionalities like KAIO or
syslets/threadlets to signal to an fd the completion of certain operations.
But more in general, an eventfd can be used by the kernel to signal readiness,
in a POSIX poll/select way, of interfaces that would otherwise be incompatible
with it. The API is:
int eventfd(unsigned int count);
The eventfd API accepts an initial "count" parameter, and returns an eventfd
fd. It supports poll(2) (POLLIN, POLLOUT, POLLERR), read(2) and write(2).
The POLLIN flag is raised when the internal counter is greater than zero.
The POLLOUT flag is raised when at least a value of "1" can be written to the
internal counter.
The POLLERR flag is raised when an overflow in the counter value is detected.
The write(2) operation can never overflow the counter, since it blocks (unless
O_NONBLOCK is set, in which case -EAGAIN is returned).
But the eventfd_signal() function can do it, since it's supposed to not sleep
during its operation.
The read(2) function reads the __u64 counter value, and reset the internal
value to zero. If the value read is equal to (__u64) -1, an overflow happened
on the internal counter (due to 2^64 eventfd_signal() posts that has never
been retired - unlickely, but possible).
The write(2) call writes an __u64 count value, and adds it to the current
counter. The eventfd fd supports O_NONBLOCK also.
On the kernel side, we have:
struct file *eventfd_fget(int fd);
int eventfd_signal(struct file *file, unsigned int n);
The eventfd_fget() should be called to get a struct file* from an eventfd fd
(this is an fget() + check of f_op being an eventfd fops pointer).
The kernel can then call eventfd_signal() every time it wants to post an event
to userspace. The eventfd_signal() function can be called from any context.
An eventfd() simple test and bench is available here:
http://www.xmailserver.org/eventfd-bench.c
This is the eventfd-based version of pipetest-4 (pipe(2) based):
http://www.xmailserver.org/pipetest-4.c
Not that performance matters much in the eventfd case, but eventfd-bench
shows almost as double as performance than pipetest-4.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix i386 build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add sys_eventfd to sys_ni.c]
Signed-off-by: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch introduces a new system call for timers events delivered though
file descriptors. This allows timer event to be used with standard POSIX
poll(2), select(2) and read(2). As a consequence of supporting the Linux
f_op->poll subsystem, they can be used with epoll(2) too.
The system call is defined as:
int timerfd(int ufd, int clockid, int flags, const struct itimerspec *utmr);
The "ufd" parameter allows for re-use (re-programming) of an existing timerfd
w/out going through the close/open cycle (same as signalfd). If "ufd" is -1,
s new file descriptor will be created, otherwise the existing "ufd" will be
re-programmed.
The "clockid" parameter is either CLOCK_MONOTONIC or CLOCK_REALTIME. The time
specified in the "utmr->it_value" parameter is the expiry time for the timer.
If the TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME flag is set in "flags", this is an absolute time,
otherwise it's a relative time.
If the time specified in the "utmr->it_interval" is not zero (.tv_sec == 0,
tv_nsec == 0), this is the period at which the following ticks should be
generated.
The "utmr->it_interval" should be set to zero if only one tick is requested.
Setting the "utmr->it_value" to zero will disable the timer, or will create a
timerfd without the timer enabled.
The function returns the new (or same, in case "ufd" is a valid timerfd
descriptor) file, or -1 in case of error.
As stated before, the timerfd file descriptor supports poll(2), select(2) and
epoll(2). When a timer event happened on the timerfd, a POLLIN mask will be
returned.
The read(2) call can be used, and it will return a u32 variable holding the
number of "ticks" that happened on the interface since the last call to
read(2). The read(2) call supportes the O_NONBLOCK flag too, and EAGAIN will
be returned if no ticks happened.
A quick test program, shows timerfd working correctly on my amd64 box:
http://www.xmailserver.org/timerfd-test.c
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add sys_timerfd to sys_ni.c]
Signed-off-by: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch series implements the new signalfd() system call.
I took part of the original Linus code (and you know how badly it can be
broken :), and I added even more breakage ;) Signals are fetched from the same
signal queue used by the process, so signalfd will compete with standard
kernel delivery in dequeue_signal(). If you want to reliably fetch signals on
the signalfd file, you need to block them with sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK). This
seems to be working fine on my Dual Opteron machine. I made a quick test
program for it:
http://www.xmailserver.org/signafd-test.c
The signalfd() system call implements signal delivery into a file descriptor
receiver. The signalfd file descriptor if created with the following API:
int signalfd(int ufd, const sigset_t *mask, size_t masksize);
The "ufd" parameter allows to change an existing signalfd sigmask, w/out going
to close/create cycle (Linus idea). Use "ufd" == -1 if you want a brand new
signalfd file.
The "mask" allows to specify the signal mask of signals that we are interested
in. The "masksize" parameter is the size of "mask".
The signalfd fd supports the poll(2) and read(2) system calls. The poll(2)
will return POLLIN when signals are available to be dequeued. As a direct
consequence of supporting the Linux poll subsystem, the signalfd fd can use
used together with epoll(2) too.
The read(2) system call will return a "struct signalfd_siginfo" structure in
the userspace supplied buffer. The return value is the number of bytes copied
in the supplied buffer, or -1 in case of error. The read(2) call can also
return 0, in case the sighand structure to which the signalfd was attached,
has been orphaned. The O_NONBLOCK flag is also supported, and read(2) will
return -EAGAIN in case no signal is available.
If the size of the buffer passed to read(2) is lower than sizeof(struct
signalfd_siginfo), -EINVAL is returned. A read from the signalfd can also
return -ERESTARTSYS in case a signal hits the process. The format of the
struct signalfd_siginfo is, and the valid fields depends of the (->code &
__SI_MASK) value, in the same way a struct siginfo would:
struct signalfd_siginfo {
__u32 signo; /* si_signo */
__s32 err; /* si_errno */
__s32 code; /* si_code */
__u32 pid; /* si_pid */
__u32 uid; /* si_uid */
__s32 fd; /* si_fd */
__u32 tid; /* si_fd */
__u32 band; /* si_band */
__u32 overrun; /* si_overrun */
__u32 trapno; /* si_trapno */
__s32 status; /* si_status */
__s32 svint; /* si_int */
__u64 svptr; /* si_ptr */
__u64 utime; /* si_utime */
__u64 stime; /* si_stime */
__u64 addr; /* si_addr */
};
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix signalfd_copyinfo() on i386]
Signed-off-by: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch add an anonymous inode source, to be used for files that need
and inode only in order to create a file*. We do not care of having an
inode for each file, and we do not even care of having different names in
the associated dentries (dentry names will be same for classes of file*).
This allow code reuse, and will be used by epoll, signalfd and timerfd
(and whatever else there'll be).
Signed-off-by: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Explicitly set pgid and sid of init process to 1.
Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: <containers@lists.osdl.org>
Acked-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Otherwise people get asked about SLUB_DEBUG even if they have another
slab allocator enabled.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bunk/trivial: (25 commits)
sound: convert "sound" subdirectory to UTF-8
MAINTAINERS: Add cxacru website/mailing list
include files: convert "include" subdirectory to UTF-8
general: convert "kernel" subdirectory to UTF-8
documentation: convert the Documentation directory to UTF-8
Convert the toplevel files CREDITS and MAINTAINERS to UTF-8.
remove broken URLs from net drivers' output
Magic number prefix consistency change to Documentation/magic-number.txt
trivial: s/i_sem /i_mutex/
fix file specification in comments
drivers/base/platform.c: fix small typo in doc
misc doc and kconfig typos
Remove obsolete fat_cvf help text
Fix occurrences of "the the "
Fix minor typoes in kernel/module.c
Kconfig: Remove reference to external mqueue library
Kconfig: A couple of grammatical fixes in arch/i386/Kconfig
Correct comments in genrtc.c to refer to correct /proc file.
Fix more "deprecated" spellos.
Fix "deprecated" typoes.
...
Fix trivial comment conflict in kernel/relay.c.
Currently there is a circular reference between work queue initialization
and kthread initialization. This prevents the kthread infrastructure from
initializing until after work queues have been initialized.
We want the properties of tasks created with kthread_create to be as close
as possible to the init_task and to not be contaminated by user processes.
The later we start our kthreadd that creates these tasks the harder it is
to avoid contamination from user processes and the more of a mess we have
to clean up because the defaults have changed on us.
So this patch modifies the kthread support to not use work queues but to
instead use a simple list of structures, and to have kthreadd start from
init_task immediately after our kernel thread that execs /sbin/init.
By being a true child of init_task we only have to change those process
settings that we want to have different from init_task, such as our process
name, the cpus that are allowed, blocking all signals and setting SIGCHLD
to SIG_IGN so that all of our children are reaped automatically.
By being a true child of init_task we also naturally get our ppid set to 0
and do not wind up as a child of PID == 1. Ensuring that tasks generated
by kthread_create will not slow down the functioning of the wait family of
functions.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use interruptible sleeps]
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Display all possible partitions when the root filesystem is not mounted.
This helps to track spell'o's and missing drivers.
Updated to work with newer kernels.
Example output:
VFS: Cannot open root device "foobar" or unknown-block(0,0)
Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions:
0800 8388608 sda driver: sd
0801 192748 sda1
0802 8193150 sda2
0810 4194304 sdb driver: sd
Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanups, fix printk warnings]
Signed-off-by: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@gmx.de>
Cc: Dave Gilbert <linux@treblig.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix some of the spelling issues. Fix sentences. Discourage SLOB use
since SLUB can pack objects denser.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG can be used to switch off the debugging and sysfs components
of SLUB. Thus SLUB will be able to replace SLOB. SLUB can arrange objects in
a denser way than SLOB and the code size should be minimal without debugging
and sysfs support.
Note that CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG is materially different from CONFIG_SLAB_DEBUG.
CONFIG_SLAB_DEBUG is used to enable slab debugging in SLAB. SLUB enables
debugging via a boot parameter. SLUB debug code should always be present.
CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG can be modified in the embedded config section.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove the reference to an external mqueue library since that was
merged into glibc in 2004.
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Several people have observed that perhaps LOG_BUF_SHIFT should be in a more
obvious place than under DEBUG_KERNEL. Under some circumstances (such as the
PARISC architecture), DEBUG_KERNEL can increase kernel size, which is an
undesirable trade off for something as trivial as increasing the kernel log
buffer size.
Instead, move LOG_BUF_SHIFT into "General Setup", so that people are more
likely to be able to change it such a circumstance that the default buffer
size is insufficient.
Signed-off-by: Alistair John Strachan <s0348365@sms.ed.ac.uk>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
enhance the initcall_debug boot option:
- measure the time the initcall took to execute and report
it in units of milliseconds.
- show the return code of initcalls (useful to see failures and
to make sure that an initcall hung)
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix printk warning]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a proper protype for prepare_namespace() in include/linux/init.h.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make handle_initrd() call try_to_freeze() in a suitable place instead of setting
PF_NOFREEZE for the current task.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@nigel.suspend2.net>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This adds support for the Analog Devices Blackfin processor architecture, and
currently supports the BF533, BF532, BF531, BF537, BF536, BF534, and BF561
(Dual Core) devices, with a variety of development platforms including those
avaliable from Analog Devices (BF533-EZKit, BF533-STAMP, BF537-STAMP,
BF561-EZKIT), and Bluetechnix! Tinyboards.
The Blackfin architecture was jointly developed by Intel and Analog Devices
Inc. (ADI) as the Micro Signal Architecture (MSA) core and introduced it in
December of 2000. Since then ADI has put this core into its Blackfin
processor family of devices. The Blackfin core has the advantages of a clean,
orthogonal,RISC-like microprocessor instruction set. It combines a dual-MAC
(Multiply/Accumulate), state-of-the-art signal processing engine and
single-instruction, multiple-data (SIMD) multimedia capabilities into a single
instruction-set architecture.
The Blackfin architecture, including the instruction set, is described by the
ADSP-BF53x/BF56x Blackfin Processor Programming Reference
http://blackfin.uclinux.org/gf/download/frsrelease/29/2549/Blackfin_PRM.pdf
The Blackfin processor is already supported by major releases of gcc, and
there are binary and source rpms/tarballs for many architectures at:
http://blackfin.uclinux.org/gf/project/toolchain/frs There is complete
documentation, including "getting started" guides available at:
http://docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/ which provides links to the sources and
patches you will need in order to set up a cross-compiling environment for
bfin-linux-uclibc
This patch, as well as the other patches (toolchain, distribution,
uClibc) are actively supported by Analog Devices Inc, at:
http://blackfin.uclinux.org/
We have tested this on LTP, and our test plan (including pass/fails) can
be found at:
http://docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/doku.php?id=testing_the_linux_kernel
[m.kozlowski@tuxland.pl: balance parenthesis in blackfin header files]
Signed-off-by: Bryan Wu <bryan.wu@analog.com>
Signed-off-by: Mariusz Kozlowski <m.kozlowski@tuxland.pl>
Signed-off-by: Aubrey Li <aubrey.li@analog.com>
Signed-off-by: Jie Zhang <jie.zhang@analog.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is a new slab allocator which was motivated by the complexity of the
existing code in mm/slab.c. It attempts to address a variety of concerns
with the existing implementation.
A. Management of object queues
A particular concern was the complex management of the numerous object
queues in SLAB. SLUB has no such queues. Instead we dedicate a slab for
each allocating CPU and use objects from a slab directly instead of
queueing them up.
B. Storage overhead of object queues
SLAB Object queues exist per node, per CPU. The alien cache queue even
has a queue array that contain a queue for each processor on each
node. For very large systems the number of queues and the number of
objects that may be caught in those queues grows exponentially. On our
systems with 1k nodes / processors we have several gigabytes just tied up
for storing references to objects for those queues This does not include
the objects that could be on those queues. One fears that the whole
memory of the machine could one day be consumed by those queues.
C. SLAB meta data overhead
SLAB has overhead at the beginning of each slab. This means that data
cannot be naturally aligned at the beginning of a slab block. SLUB keeps
all meta data in the corresponding page_struct. Objects can be naturally
aligned in the slab. F.e. a 128 byte object will be aligned at 128 byte
boundaries and can fit tightly into a 4k page with no bytes left over.
SLAB cannot do this.
D. SLAB has a complex cache reaper
SLUB does not need a cache reaper for UP systems. On SMP systems
the per CPU slab may be pushed back into partial list but that
operation is simple and does not require an iteration over a list
of objects. SLAB expires per CPU, shared and alien object queues
during cache reaping which may cause strange hold offs.
E. SLAB has complex NUMA policy layer support
SLUB pushes NUMA policy handling into the page allocator. This means that
allocation is coarser (SLUB does interleave on a page level) but that
situation was also present before 2.6.13. SLABs application of
policies to individual slab objects allocated in SLAB is
certainly a performance concern due to the frequent references to
memory policies which may lead a sequence of objects to come from
one node after another. SLUB will get a slab full of objects
from one node and then will switch to the next.
F. Reduction of the size of partial slab lists
SLAB has per node partial lists. This means that over time a large
number of partial slabs may accumulate on those lists. These can
only be reused if allocator occur on specific nodes. SLUB has a global
pool of partial slabs and will consume slabs from that pool to
decrease fragmentation.
G. Tunables
SLAB has sophisticated tuning abilities for each slab cache. One can
manipulate the queue sizes in detail. However, filling the queues still
requires the uses of the spin lock to check out slabs. SLUB has a global
parameter (min_slab_order) for tuning. Increasing the minimum slab
order can decrease the locking overhead. The bigger the slab order the
less motions of pages between per CPU and partial lists occur and the
better SLUB will be scaling.
G. Slab merging
We often have slab caches with similar parameters. SLUB detects those
on boot up and merges them into the corresponding general caches. This
leads to more effective memory use. About 50% of all caches can
be eliminated through slab merging. This will also decrease
slab fragmentation because partial allocated slabs can be filled
up again. Slab merging can be switched off by specifying
slub_nomerge on boot up.
Note that merging can expose heretofore unknown bugs in the kernel
because corrupted objects may now be placed differently and corrupt
differing neighboring objects. Enable sanity checks to find those.
H. Diagnostics
The current slab diagnostics are difficult to use and require a
recompilation of the kernel. SLUB contains debugging code that
is always available (but is kept out of the hot code paths).
SLUB diagnostics can be enabled via the "slab_debug" option.
Parameters can be specified to select a single or a group of
slab caches for diagnostics. This means that the system is running
with the usual performance and it is much more likely that
race conditions can be reproduced.
I. Resiliency
If basic sanity checks are on then SLUB is capable of detecting
common error conditions and recover as best as possible to allow the
system to continue.
J. Tracing
Tracing can be enabled via the slab_debug=T,<slabcache> option
during boot. SLUB will then protocol all actions on that slabcache
and dump the object contents on free.
K. On demand DMA cache creation.
Generally DMA caches are not needed. If a kmalloc is used with
__GFP_DMA then just create this single slabcache that is needed.
For systems that have no ZONE_DMA requirement the support is
completely eliminated.
L. Performance increase
Some benchmarks have shown speed improvements on kernbench in the
range of 5-10%. The locking overhead of slub is based on the
underlying base allocation size. If we can reliably allocate
larger order pages then it is possible to increase slub
performance much further. The anti-fragmentation patches may
enable further performance increases.
Tested on:
i386 UP + SMP, x86_64 UP + SMP + NUMA emulation, IA64 NUMA + Simulator
SLUB Boot options
slub_nomerge Disable merging of slabs
slub_min_order=x Require a minimum order for slab caches. This
increases the managed chunk size and therefore
reduces meta data and locking overhead.
slub_min_objects=x Mininum objects per slab. Default is 8.
slub_max_order=x Avoid generating slabs larger than order specified.
slub_debug Enable all diagnostics for all caches
slub_debug=<options> Enable selective options for all caches
slub_debug=<o>,<cache> Enable selective options for a certain set of
caches
Available Debug options
F Double Free checking, sanity and resiliency
R Red zoning
P Object / padding poisoning
U Track last free / alloc
T Trace all allocs / frees (only use for individual slabs).
To use SLUB: Apply this patch and then select SLUB as the default slab
allocator.
[hugh@veritas.com: fix an oops-causing locking error]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: various stupid cleanups and small fixes]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The nr_cpu_ids value is currently only calculated in smp_init. However, it
may be needed before (SLUB needs it on kmem_cache_init!) and other kernel
components may also want to allocate dynamically sized per cpu array before
smp_init. So move the determination of possible cpus into sched_init()
where we already loop over all possible cpus early in boot.
Also initialize both nr_node_ids and nr_cpu_ids with the highest value they
could take. If we have accidental users before these values are determined
then the current valud of 0 may cause too small per cpu and per node arrays
to be allocated. If it is set to the maximum possible then we only waste
some memory for early boot users.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sam/kbuild: (38 commits)
kconfig: fix mconf segmentation fault
kbuild: enable use of code from a different dir
kconfig: error out if recursive dependencies are found
kbuild: scripts/basic/fixdep segfault on pathological string-o-death
kconfig: correct minor typo in Kconfig warning message.
kconfig: fix path to modules.txt in Kconfig help
usr/Kconfig: fix typo
kernel-doc: alphabetically-sorted entries in index.html of 'htmldocs'
kbuild: be more explicit on missing .config file
kbuild: clarify the creation of the LOCALVERSION_AUTO string.
kbuild: propagate errors from find in scripts/gen_initramfs_list.sh
kconfig: refer to qt3 if we cannot find qt libraries
kbuild: handle compressed cpio initramfs-es
kbuild: ignore section mismatch warning for references from .paravirtprobe to .init.text
kbuild: remove stale comment in modpost.c
kbuild/mkuboot.sh: allow spaces in CROSS_COMPILE
kbuild: fix make mrproper for Documentation/DocBook/man
kbuild: remove kconfig binaries during make mrproper
kconfig/menuconfig: do not hardcode '.config'
kbuild: override build timestamp & version
...
Clarify the creation of the LOCALVERSION_AUTO string during kernel
configuration, and fix a couple typoes while we're there.
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
In init/main.c we have a reference from rest_init() to .init.text
which is intentional.
Rename the function 'init' to 'kernel_init' to make it a
kernel wide unique symbol and whitelist the reference.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Let's allow page-alignment in general for per-cpu data (wanted by Xen, and
Ingo suggested KVM as well).
Because larger alignments can use more room, we increase the max per-cpu
memory to 64k rather than 32k: it's getting a little tight.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
initramfs ended up depending on BLOCK:
INITRAMFS_SOURCE <-- BLK_DEV_INITRD <-- BLOCK
This inhibits use of customized-initramfs-over-ramfs without block layer
(ramfs would still be enabled), useful in embedded applications.
Move BLK_DEV_INITRD out of 'drivers/block/Kconfig' and into 'init/Kconfig',
make it unconditional.
Signed-off-by: Dimitri Gorokhovik <dimitri.gorokhovik@free.fr>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We frequently need the maximum number of possible processors in order to
allocate arrays for all processors. So far this was done using
highest_possible_processor_id(). However, we do need the number of
processors not the highest id. Moreover the number was so far dynamically
calculated on each invokation. The number of possible processors does not
change when the system is running. We can therefore calculate that number
once.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Frederik Deweerdt <frederik.deweerdt@gmail.com>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
powerpc gets:
init/main.c: In function `do_basic_setup':
init/main.c:714: warning: implicit declaration of function `init_irq_proc'
but we cannot include linux/irq.h in generic code.
Fix it by moving the declaration into linux/interrupt.h instead.
And make sure all code that defines init_irq_proc() is including
linux/interrupt.h.
And nuke an ifdef-in-C
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
With Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The tick-management code is the first user of the clockevents layer. It takes
clock event devices from the clock events core and uses them to provide the
periodic tick.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
With this change the sysctl inodes can be cached and nothing needs to be done
when removing a sysctl table.
For a cost of 2K code we will save about 4K of static tables (when we remove
de from ctl_table) and 70K in proc_dir_entries that we will not allocate, or
about half that on a 32bit arch.
The speed feels about the same, even though we can now cache the sysctl
dentries :(
We get the core advantage that we don't need to have a 1 to 1 mapping between
ctl table entries and proc files. Making it possible to have /proc/sys vary
depending on the namespace you are in. The currently merged namespaces don't
have an issue here but the network namespace under /proc/sys/net needs to have
different directories depending on which network adapters are visible. By
simply being a cache different directories being visible depending on who you
are is trivial to implement.
[akpm@osdl.org: fix uninitialised var]
[akpm@osdl.org: fix ARM build]
[bunk@stusta.de: make things static]
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is just a simple cleanup to keep kernel/sysctl.c from getting to crowded
with special cases, and by keeping all of the ipc logic to together it makes
the code a little more readable.
[gcoady.lk@gmail.com: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Signed-off-by: Grant Coady <gcoady.lk@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After Al Viro (finally) succeeded in removing the sched.h #include in module.h
recently, it makes sense again to remove other superfluous sched.h includes.
There are quite a lot of files which include it but don't actually need
anything defined in there. Presumably these includes were once needed for
macros that used to live in sched.h, but moved to other header files in the
course of cleaning it up.
To ease the pain, this time I did not fiddle with any header files and only
removed #includes from .c-files, which tend to cause less trouble.
Compile tested against 2.6.20-rc2 and 2.6.20-rc2-mm2 (with offsets) on alpha,
arm, i386, ia64, mips, powerpc, and x86_64 with allnoconfig, defconfig,
allmodconfig, and allyesconfig as well as a few randconfigs on x86_64 and all
configs in arch/arm/configs on arm. I also checked that no new warnings were
introduced by the patch (actually, some warnings are removed that were emitted
by unnecessarily included header files).
Signed-off-by: Tim Schmielau <tim@physik3.uni-rostock.de>
Acked-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
o init() is a non __init function in .text section but it calls many
functions which are in .init.text section. Hence MODPOST generates lots
of cross reference warnings on i386 if compiled with CONFIG_RELOCATABLE=y
WARNING: vmlinux - Section mismatch: reference to .init.text:smp_prepare_cpus from .text between 'init' (at offset 0xc0101049) and 'rest_init'
WARNING: vmlinux - Section mismatch: reference to .init.text:migration_init from .text between 'init' (at offset 0xc010104e) and 'rest_init'
WARNING: vmlinux - Section mismatch: reference to .init.text:spawn_ksoftirqd from .text between 'init' (at offset 0xc0101053) and 'rest_init'
o This patch breaks down init() in two parts. One part which can go
in .init.text section and can be freed and other part which has to
be non __init(init_post()). Now init() calls init_post() and init_post()
does not call any functions present in .init sections. Hence getting
rid of warnings.
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Current implementation stores a static command-line buffer allocated to
COMMAND_LINE_SIZE size. Most architectures stores two copies of this buffer,
one for future reference and one for parameter parsing.
Current kernel command-line size for most architecture is much too small for
module parameters, video settings, initramfs paramters and much more. The
problem is that setting COMMAND_LINE_SIZE to a grater value, allocates static
buffers.
In order to allow a greater command-line size, these buffers should be
dynamically allocated or marked as init disposable buffers, so unused memory
can be released.
This patch renames the static saved_command_line variable into
boot_command_line adding __initdata attribute, so that it can be disposed
after initialization. This rename is required so applications that use
saved_command_line will not be affected by this change.
It reintroduces saved_command_line as dynamically allocated buffer to match
the data in boot_command_line.
It also mark secondary command-line buffer as __initdata, and copies it to
dynamically allocated static_command_line buffer components may hold reference
to it after initialization.
This patch is for linux-2.6.20-rc4-mm1 and is divided to target each
architecture. I could not check this in any architecture so please forgive me
if I got it wrong.
The per-architecture modification is very simple, use boot_command_line in
place of saved_command_line. The common code is the change into dynamic
command-line.
This patch:
1. Rename saved_command_line into boot_command_line, mark as init
disposable.
2. Add dynamic allocated saved_command_line.
3. Add dynamic allocated static_command_line.
4. During startup copy: boot_command_line into saved_command_line. arch
command_line into static_command_line.
5. Parse static_command_line and not arch command_line, so arch
command_line may be freed.
Signed-off-by: Alon Bar-Lev <alon.barlev@gmail.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Ian Molton <spyro@f2s.com>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Kazumoto Kojima <kkojima@rr.iij4u.or.jp>
Cc: Richard Curnow <rc@rc0.org.uk>
Cc: William Lee Irwin III <wli@holomorphy.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Cc: Miles Bader <uclinux-v850@lsi.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@uclinux.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since they depends on TASKSTATS, it would be nice to move them closer to
another options depending on TASKSTATS.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove the last (and commented out) invocation of the obsolete
smp_commence() call.
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The file init/initramfs.c is always compiled and linked in the kernel
vmlinux even when BLK_DEV_RAM and BLK_DEV_INITRD are disabled and the
system isn't using any form of an initramfs or initrd. In this situation
the code is only used to unpack a (static) default initial rootfilesystem.
The current init/initramfs.c code. usr/initramfs_data.o compiles to a size
of ~15 kbytes. Disabling BLK_DEV_RAM and BLK_DEV_INTRD shrinks the kernel
code size with ~60 Kbytes.
This patch avoids compiling in the code and data for initramfs support if
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD is not defined. Instead of the initramfs code and
data it uses a small routine in init/noinitramfs.c to setup an initial
static default environment for mounting a rootfilesystem later on in the
kernel initialisation process. The new code is: 164 bytes of size.
The patch is separated in two parts:
1) doesn't compile initramfs code when CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD is not set
2) changing all plaforms vmlinux.lds.S files to not reserve an area of
PAGE_SIZE when CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD is not set.
[deweerdt@free.fr: warning fix]
Signed-off-by: Jean-Paul Saman <jean-paul.saman@nxp.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederik Deweerdt <frederik.deweerdt@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add retain_initrd option to control freeing of initrd memory after
extraction. By default, free memory as previously.
The first boot will need to hold a copy of the in memory fs for the second
boot. This image can be large (much larger than the kernel), hence we can
save time when the memory loader is slow. Also, it reduces the memory
footprint while extracting the first boot since you don't need another copy
of the fs.
Signed-off-by: Michael Neuling <mikey@neuling.org>
Cc: "Randy.Dunlap" <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It might save a few bytes after bootup, but it causes the string to be
linked in at the end of the final vmlinux image, which defeats the whole
point of doing all this, namely allowing some broken user-space binaries
to search for the kernel version string in the kernel binary.
So just remove the __init specifier.
Cc: Olaf Hering <olaf@aepfle.de>
Cc: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Andrey Borzenkov <arvidjaar@mail.ru>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Acked-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
o Some functions which should have been in init sections as they are called
only once. Put them in init sections. Otherwise MODPOST generates warning
as these functions are placed in .text and they end up accessing something
in init sections.
WARNING: vmlinux - Section mismatch: reference to .init.text:migration_init
from .text between 'do_pre_smp_initcalls' (at offset 0xc01000d1) and
'run_init_process'
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Revert previous attempts at messing with the linux banner string and
simply use a separate format string for proc.
Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Acked-by: Olaf Hering <olaf@aepfle.de>
Acked-by: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
Cc: Andrey Borzenkov <arvidjaar@mail.ru>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Thomas Petazzoni