percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being
included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which
in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files
universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies.
percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for
this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those
headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion
needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is
used as the basis of conversion.
http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py
The script does the followings.
* Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that
only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used,
gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h.
* When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include
blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms
to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains
core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered -
alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there
doesn't seem to be any matching order.
* If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly
because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out
an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the
file.
The conversion was done in the following steps.
1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly
over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h
and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400
files.
2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion,
some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or
embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added
inclusions to around 150 files.
3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits
from #2 to make sure no file was left behind.
4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed.
e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab
APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually.
5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically
editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h
files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h
inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually
wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each
slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as
necessary.
6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h.
7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures
were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my
distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few
more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things
build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq).
* x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config.
* powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig
* sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig
* ia64 SMP allmodconfig
* s390 SMP allmodconfig
* alpha SMP allmodconfig
* um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig
8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as
a separate patch and serve as bisection point.
Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step
6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch.
If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch
headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of
the specific arch.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Make module_init static and mark it with __init.
Make module_exit static and mark it with __exit.
Mark probe functions with __devinit.
Make id table static and mark with __devinitconst.
This will eliminate the following sparse warnings (see "make C=1"):
* smsdvb.c:668:5: warning: symbol 'smsdvb_module_init' was not declared. Should it be static?
* smsdvb.c:682:6: warning: symbol 'smsdvb_module_exit' was not declared. Should it be static?
* smsusb.c:491:22: warning: symbol 'smsusb_id_table' was not declared. Should it be static?
* smsusb.c:567:5: warning: symbol 'smsusb_module_init' was not declared. Should it be static?
* smsusb.c:578:6: warning: symbol 'smsusb_module_exit' was not declared. Should it be static?
* smssdio.c:341:5: warning: symbol 'smssdio_module_init' was not declared. Should it be static?
* smssdio.c:353:6: warning: symbol 'smssdio_module_exit' was not declared. Should it be static?
Signed-off-by: Márton Németh <nm127@freemail.hu>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Add support for five new Hauppauge Device USB IDs:
2040:b980
2040:b990
2040:c010
2040:c080
2040:c090
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@kernellabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Add support for three new Hauppauge Device USB IDs:
2040:b900
2040:b910
2040:c000
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@kernellabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Add two additional USB targets, add these to the 'cards' modules
and to the 'smsusb' module.
Signed-off-by: Uri Shkolnik <uris@siano-ms.com>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Change the debug message of the USB interface driver exit
function.
Signed-off-by: Uri Shkolnik <uris@siano-ms.com>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
This patch fixes a problem were protocol buffers
have been lost during USB disconnect events.
Signed-off-by: Uri Shkolnik <uris@siano-ms.com>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
This patch adds support for byte ordering and big endianity
handling for the USB interface driver
Signed-off-by: Uri Shkolnik <uris@siano-ms.com>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
This patch updates the license of the USB interface driver
Signed-off-by: Uri Shkolnik <uris@siano-ms.com>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Add support for big endien target hosts, which
use USB interface.
Signed-off-by: Uri Shkolnik <uris@siano-ms.com>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Fix the following build error:
drivers/media/dvb/siano/smsusb.o: In function `get_order':
include/asm-generic/page.h:10: multiple definition of `sms_dbg'
drivers/media/dvb/siano/sms1xxx.o:include/asm-generic/page.h:10: first defined here
drivers/media/dvb/siano/smsdvb.o: In function `get_order':
include/asm-generic/page.h:10: multiple definition of `sms_dbg'
drivers/media/dvb/siano/sms1xxx.o:include/asm-generic/page.h:10: first defined here
Thanks to Mauro Carvalho Chehab for his original patch to address this issue.
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@linuxtv.org>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
The smsdvb module was separated from the core and usb code. This change loads
smsdvb automatically for driver configurations that depend on it.
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@linuxtv.org>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Fix checkpatch.pl violations introduced by previous changeset:
ERROR: do not use C99 // comments
156: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1373:
+//#ifdef DVB_CORE
ERROR: do not use C99 // comments
157: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1374:
+// smsdvb_unregister();
ERROR: do not use C99 // comments
158: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1375:
+//#endif
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
163: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1380:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_onresponse);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
164: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1381:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(sms_get_board);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
165: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1382:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(sms_debug);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
166: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1383:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_putbuffer);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
167: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1384:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_registry_getmode);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
168: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1385:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_register_device);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
169: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1386:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_set_board_id);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
170: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1387:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_start_device);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
171: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1388:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smsusb_id_table);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
172: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1389:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_unregister_device);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
173: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1390:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_getbuffer);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
174: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1391:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_get_device_mode);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
175: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1392:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_register_client);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
176: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1393:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_unregister_hotplug);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
177: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1394:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smsclient_sendrequest);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
178: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1395:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_unregister_client);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
179: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1396:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_get_board_id);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
180: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1397:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_register_hotplug);
WARNING: line over 80 characters
391: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.h:398:
+extern int smscore_get_fw_filename(struct smscore_device_t *coredev, int mode, char* filename);
ERROR: "foo* bar" should be "foo *bar"
391: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.h:398:
+extern int smscore_get_fw_filename(struct smscore_device_t *coredev, int mode, char* filename);
WARNING: line over 80 characters
392: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.h:399:
+extern int smscore_send_fw_file(struct smscore_device_t *coredev, u8* ufwbuf,int size);
ERROR: "foo* bar" should be "foo *bar"
392: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.h:399:
+extern int smscore_send_fw_file(struct smscore_device_t *coredev, u8* ufwbuf,int size);
ERROR: space required after that ',' (ctx:VxV)
392: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.h:399:
+extern int smscore_send_fw_file(struct smscore_device_t *coredev, u8* ufwbuf,int size);
^
WARNING: __func__ should be used instead of gcc specific __FUNCTION__
489: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smsusb.c:443:
+ printk(KERN_INFO"%s Entering status %d.\n", __FUNCTION__, msg.event);
WARNING: __func__ should be used instead of gcc specific __FUNCTION__
501: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smsusb.c:455:
+ printk(KERN_INFO "%s Entering.\n", __FUNCTION__);
ERROR: space prohibited before that '++' (ctx:WxB)
505: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smsusb.c:459:
+ for (i = 0; i < intf->cur_altsetting->desc.bNumEndpoints; i ++)
^
WARNING: __func__ should be used instead of gcc specific __FUNCTION__
517: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smsusb.c:471:
+ __FUNCTION__, rc);
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@linuxtv.org>
[mchehab@redhat.com: sms_dbg were declared on 3 different files]
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Import the following changes from Uri Shkolnik
* Two-ways merge with Siano internal repository
* Continuing with DVB sub-system separation
* kconfig and makefile updates
* Code cleanup
This is a work-in-progress sync with Siano's internal repository.
Some changes had to be altered or dropped in order not to break the build.
This breaks normal operation for the current driver, but it is being committed
now for tracking purposes.
These changes introduce the following checkpatch.pl violations:
ERROR: do not use C99 // comments
156: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1373:
+//#ifdef DVB_CORE
ERROR: do not use C99 // comments
157: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1374:
+// smsdvb_unregister();
ERROR: do not use C99 // comments
158: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1375:
+//#endif
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
163: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1380:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_onresponse);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
164: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1381:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(sms_get_board);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
165: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1382:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(sms_debug);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
166: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1383:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_putbuffer);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
167: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1384:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_registry_getmode);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
168: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1385:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_register_device);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
169: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1386:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_set_board_id);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
170: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1387:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_start_device);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
171: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1388:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smsusb_id_table);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
172: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1389:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_unregister_device);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
173: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1390:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_getbuffer);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
174: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1391:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_get_device_mode);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
175: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1392:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_register_client);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
176: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1393:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_unregister_hotplug);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
177: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1394:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smsclient_sendrequest);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
178: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1395:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_unregister_client);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
179: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1396:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_get_board_id);
WARNING: EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable
180: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.c:1397:
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(smscore_register_hotplug);
WARNING: line over 80 characters
391: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.h:398:
+extern int smscore_get_fw_filename(struct smscore_device_t *coredev, int mode, char* filename);
ERROR: "foo* bar" should be "foo *bar"
391: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.h:398:
+extern int smscore_get_fw_filename(struct smscore_device_t *coredev, int mode, char* filename);
WARNING: line over 80 characters
392: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.h:399:
+extern int smscore_send_fw_file(struct smscore_device_t *coredev, u8* ufwbuf,int size);
ERROR: "foo* bar" should be "foo *bar"
392: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.h:399:
+extern int smscore_send_fw_file(struct smscore_device_t *coredev, u8* ufwbuf,int size);
ERROR: space required after that ',' (ctx:VxV)
392: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smscoreapi.h:399:
+extern int smscore_send_fw_file(struct smscore_device_t *coredev, u8* ufwbuf,int size);
^
WARNING: __func__ should be used instead of gcc specific __FUNCTION__
489: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smsusb.c:443:
+ printk(KERN_INFO"%s Entering status %d.\n", __FUNCTION__, msg.event);
WARNING: __func__ should be used instead of gcc specific __FUNCTION__
501: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smsusb.c:455:
+ printk(KERN_INFO "%s Entering.\n", __FUNCTION__);
ERROR: space prohibited before that '++' (ctx:WxB)
505: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smsusb.c:459:
+ for (i = 0; i < intf->cur_altsetting->desc.bNumEndpoints; i ++)
^
WARNING: __func__ should be used instead of gcc specific __FUNCTION__
517: FILE: linux/drivers/media/dvb/siano/smsusb.c:471:
+ __FUNCTION__, rc);
total: 7 errors, 23 warnings, 524 lines checked
Signed-off-by: Uri Shkolnik <uris@siano-ms.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@linuxtv.org>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Move the usb_device_id table to the smsusb module in preparation for the
sms1xxx module to be split into sub-modules. This will allow the smsusb
driver to start up automatically upon insertion of the USB device.
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@linuxtv.org>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
The sms1xxx driver will be broken down into smaller modules,
so the original name, smsusb, is more appropriate.
Signed-off-by: Uri Shkolnik <uris@siano-ms.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@linuxtv.org>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
This patch provides USB suspend and hibernation support
for Siano's SMS chipset based USB device
Signed-off-by: Uri Shkolnik <uris@siano-ms.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@linuxtv.org>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
This should have read, "GNU General Public License version 2"
rather than, "GNU General Public License version 3"
This was actually a typo mass-blunder -- this is not a change in licence,
as the code was always GPLv2.
Signed-off-by: Uri Shkolnik <uris@siano-ms.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@linuxtv.org>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Add the capability to define device-specific firmware filenames for the SMS1010,
with a mechanism to fall back to the generic firmware if the device-specific
firmware is not present.
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@linuxtv.org>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
Fix the following 64bit build warning:
make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.24-16-generic'
CC [M] smscoreapi.o
smscoreapi.c: In function 'smscore_load_firmware_from_file':
smscoreapi.c:604: warning: format '%d' expects type 'int', but argument 4 has type 'size_t'
CC [M] smsusb.o
smsusb.c: In function 'smsusb1_load_firmware':
smsusb.c:216: warning: format '%d' expects type 'int', but argument 3 has type 'size_t'
smsusb.c:223: warning: format '%d' expects type 'int', but argument 4 has type 'size_t'
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@linuxtv.org>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
set MODULE_DESCRIPTION to "Driver for the Siano SMS1XXX USB dongle"
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@linuxtv.org>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
Add the capability to define device-specific firmware filenames for the SMS1150,
with a mechanism to fall back to the generic firmware if the device-specific
firmware is not present.
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@linuxtv.org>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
Set board ID in the usb_device_id table's driver_info field.
Use board name when registering the dvb adapter.
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@linuxtv.org>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
ERROR: "foo* bar" should be "foo *bar"
ERROR: "foo * bar" should be "foo *bar"
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@linuxtv.org>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
Mauro Carvalho Chehab