This reverts commit f23b9c7(http://git.moblin.org/cgit.cgi/acpica/commit/?id=f23b9c7)
The problem with this change was determined to be a problem with
the FreeBSD host OSL (OS services layer), not with this patch
itself. Therefore, re-introducing this change into the main ACPICA
code. See ACPICA bugzilla 863.
http://www.acpica.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=863
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Prototype in acpiosxf.h had the output value pointer as a (u32 *).
Should be a (u64 *).
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Some minor improvements in error handling, but overall it was mostly dead
code.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Introduce module parameter acpi.aml_debug_output.
With acpi.aml_debug_output set, we can get AML debug object output
(Store (AAA, Debug)), even with CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG cleared.
Together with the runtime custom method mechanism,
we can debug AML code problems without rebuilding the kernel.
Signed-off-by: Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
If a handler is installed for a GPE associated with an AML method and
such that it cannot wake up the system from sleep states, the GPE
remains enabled after the handler has been installed, although it
should be disabled in that case to avoid spurious execution of the
handler.
Fix this issue by making acpi_install_gpe_handler() disable GPEs
that were previously associated with AML methods and cannot wake up
the system from sleep states.
Analogously, make acpi_remove_gpe_handler() enable the GPEs that
are associated with AML methods after their handlers have been
removed and cannot wake up the system from sleep states. In addition
to that, fix a code ordering issue in acpi_remove_gpe_handler() that
renders the locking ineffective (ACPI_MTX_EVENTS is released
temporarily in the middle of the routine to wait for the completion
of events already in progress).
For this purpose introduce acpi_raw_disable_gpe() and
acpi_raw_enable_gpe() to be called with acpi_gbl_gpe_lock held
and rework acpi_disable_gpe() and acpi_enable_gpe(), respectively, to
use them. Also rework acpi_gpe_can_wake() to use
acpi_raw_disable_gpe() instead of calling acpi_disable_gpe() after
releasing the lock to avoid the possible theoretical race with
acpi_install_gpe_handler().
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: "Moore, Robert" <robert.moore@intel.com>
Cc: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Simplify the main loop in acpi_ev_initialize_gpe_block() by
rearranging code and removing the "enabled" label that is not
necessary any more.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Make acpi_gpe_wakeup() return error code for GPEs whose
ACPI_GPE_CAN_WAKE flag is not set. This way acpi_gpe_wakeup() will
only wake for the GPEs reported by the host OS as "wakeup" ones with
the help of acpi_gpe_can_wake().
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Currently, during initialization ACPICA walks the entire ACPI
namespace in search of any device objects with assciated _PRW
methods. All of the _PRW methods found are executed in the process
to extract the GPE information returned by them, so that the GPEs in
question can be marked as "able to wakeup" (more precisely, the
ACPI_GPE_CAN_WAKE flag is set for them). The only purpose of this
exercise is to avoid enabling the CAN_WAKE GPEs automatically, even
if there are _Lxx/_Exx methods associated with them. However, it is
both costly and unnecessary, because the host OS has to execute the
_PRW methods anyway to check which devices can wake up the system
from sleep states. Moreover, it then uses full information
returned by _PRW, including the GPE information, so it can take care
of disabling the GPEs if necessary.
Remove the code that walks the namespace and executes _PRW from
ACPICA and modify comments to reflect that change. Make
acpi_bus_set_run_wake_flags() disable GPEs for wakeup devices
so that they don't cause spurious wakeup events to be signaled.
This not only reduces the complexity of the ACPICA initialization
code, but in some cases it should reduce the kernel boot time as
well.
Unfortunately, for this purpose we need a new ACPICA function,
acpi_gpe_can_wake(), to be called by the host OS in order to disable
the GPEs that can wake up the system and were previously enabled by
acpi_ev_initialize_gpe_block() or acpi_ev_update_gpes() (such a GPE
should be disabled only once, because the initialization code enables
it only once, but it may be pointed to by _PRW for multiple devices
and that's why the additional function is necessary).
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
This fixes a problem where a reference to an Alias within the
definition of a Package was not always resolved properly. Aliases
to objects like Processors, ThermalZones, etc. were resolved to the
actual object instead of a reference to the object as it should be.
Package objects are only allowed to contain integer, string,
buffer, package, and reference objects.
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=608648
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
cast to u64.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Remove acpi_hw_write_gpe_enable_reg, it had been reduced down to a
single line of code, and called from only one place.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
The acpi_set_gpe() function is a little awkward, because it doesn't
really work as advertised in the "disable" case. Namely, if a GPE
has been enabled with acpi_enable_gpe() and triggered a notification
to occur, and if acpi_set_gpe() is used to disable it before
acpi_ev_asynch_enable_gpe() runs, the GPE will be immediately enabled
by the latter as though the acpi_set_gpe() had no effect.
Thus, since it's been possible to make all of its callers use
alternative operations to disable or enable GPEs, acpi_set_gpe() can
be dropped.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
The GPE block initialization code in acpi_ev_initialize_gpe_block()
uses acpi_set_gpe() to make sure that the GPEs with nonzero
runtime counter will remain enabled, but since it already has
a struct acpi_gpe_event_info object for each GPE, it might use
the low-level GPE enabling function, acpi_clear_and_enable_gpe(),
for this purpose.
To make that happen, move acpi_clear_and_enable_gpe() to
drivers/acpi/acpica/evgpe.c and rename it to acpi_ev_enable_gpe(),
modify the two existing users of it accordingly and modify
acpi_ev_initialize_gpe_block() to use it instead of acpi_set_gpe()
and to check its return value.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
After the previous patch that introduced acpi_gpe_wakeup() and
modified the ACPI suspend and wakeup code to use it, the third
argument of acpi_{enable|disable}_gpe() and the GPE wakeup
reference counter are not necessary any more. Remove them and
modify all of the users of acpi_{enable|disable}_gpe()
accordingly. Also drop GPE type constants that aren't used
any more.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
ACPICA uses reference counters to avoid disabling GPEs too early in
case they have been enabled for many times. This is done separately
for runtime and for wakeup, but the wakeup GPE reference counter is
not really necessary, because GPEs are only enabled to wake up the
system at the hardware level by acpi_enter_sleep_state(). Thus it
only is necessary to set the corresponding bits in the wakeup enable
masks of these GPEs' registers right before the system enters a sleep
state. Moreover, the GPE wakeup enable bits can only be set when the
target sleep state of the system is known and they need to be cleared
immediately after wakeup regardless of how many wakeup devices are
associated with a given GPE.
On the basis of the above observations, introduce function
acpi_gpe_wakeup() to be used for setting or clearing the enable bit
corresponding to a given GPE in its enable register's enable_for_wake
mask. Modify the ACPI suspend and wakeup code the use
acpi_gpe_wakeup() instead of acpi_{enable|disable}_gpe() to set
and clear GPE enable bits in their registers' enable_for_wake masks
during system transitions to a sleep state and back to the working
state, respectively. [This will allow us to drop the third
argument of acpi_{enable|disable}_gpe() and simplify the GPE
handling code.]
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Rename acpi_hw_gpe_register_bit to acpi_hw_get_gpe_register_bit
in order to be same with ACPICA code base.
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
On control method exit, only walk the namespace if the method is
known to have created namespace objects outside of its local scope.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Starikovskiy <astarikovskiy@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Remove obsolete AOPOBJ_SINGLE_DATUM. Add AOPOBJ_INVALID for
use if the host OS rejects the address of an operation region
(currently only used by Linux.)
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
This change enhances the performance of namespace searches and
walks by adding a backpointer to the parent in each namespace
node. On large namespaces, this change can improve overall ACPI
performance by up to 9X. Adding a pointer to each namespace node
increases the overall size of the internal namespace by about 5%,
since each namespace entry usually consists of both a namespace
node and an ACPI operand object.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Starikovskiy <astarikovskiy@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Expand the various device initialization counters from 16-bit
to 32-bit. Allows for very large namespaces.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
With only a few exceptions, ACPICA does not use signed integers.
Therefore, %d is incorrect.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Expand the various initialization counters from 16-bit to 32-bit.
Allows for very large namespaces.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Starikovskiy <astarikovskiy@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
These objects are defined by "Windows Instrumentation", and are
not part of the ACPI spec. Adds compiler support and runtime
typechecking support in the ACPICA core. ACPICA BZ 860.
http://www.acpica.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=860
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Because of package index values used for _BQC and _BCM.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Folklore suggested that such systems existed
in the pre-history of ACPI.
However, we removed the SCI_EN polling loop from
acpi_hw_set_mode() in b430acbd7c
because it delayed resume by 3 seconds on boxes
that refused to set SCI_EN.
Matthew removed the call to acpi_enable() from
the suspend resume path.
James found a modern system that still needs to be polled
upon boot.
So here we restore the workaround, except that we
put it in acpi_enable() rather than the low level
acpi_hw_set_mode().
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=16271
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
This feature is optional and is enabled if the BIOS requests any
Windows OSI strings. It can also be enabled by the host OS.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Garrett <mjg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
To prevent accidental deep sleeps, limit the maximum time that
Sleep() will sleep. Configurable, default maximum is two seconds.
ACPICA bugzilla 854.
http://www.acpica.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=854
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
While developing the GPE reference counting code we overlooked the
fact that acpi_ev_update_gpes() could have enabled GPEs before
acpi_ev_initialize_gpe_block() was called. As a result, some GPEs
are enabled twice during the initialization.
To fix this issue avoid calling acpi_enable_gpe() from
acpi_ev_initialize_gpe_block() for the GPEs that have nonzero
runtime reference counters.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
ACPICA uses acpi_hw_write_gpe_enable_reg() to re-enable a GPE after
an event signaled by it has been handled. However, this function
writes the entire GPE enable mask to the GPE's enable register which
may not be correct. Namely, if one of the other GPEs in the same
register was previously enabled by acpi_enable_gpe() and subsequently
disabled using acpi_set_gpe(), acpi_hw_write_gpe_enable_reg() will
re-enable it along with the target GPE.
To fix this issue rework acpi_hw_write_gpe_enable_reg() so that it
calls acpi_hw_low_set_gpe() with a special action value,
ACPI_GPE_COND_ENABLE, that will make it only enable the GPE if the
corresponding bit in its register's enable_for_run mask is set.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
ACPICA uses acpi_ev_enable_gpe() for enabling GPEs at the low level,
which is incorrect, because this function only enables the GPE if the
corresponding bit in its enable register's enable_for_run mask is set.
This causes acpi_set_gpe() to work incorrectly if used for enabling
GPEs that were not previously enabled with acpi_enable_gpe(). As a
result, among other things, wakeup-only GPEs are never enabled by
acpi_enable_wakeup_device(), so the devices that use them are unable
to wake up the system.
To fix this issue remove acpi_ev_enable_gpe() and its counterpart
acpi_ev_disable_gpe() and replace acpi_hw_low_disable_gpe() with
acpi_hw_low_set_gpe() that will be used instead to manipulate GPE
enable bits at the low level. Make the users of acpi_ev_enable_gpe()
and acpi_ev_disable_gpe() call acpi_hw_low_set_gpe() instead and
make sure that GPE enable masks are only updated by acpi_enable_gpe()
and acpi_disable_gpe() when GPE reference counters change from 0
to 1 and from 1 to 0, respectively.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
In quite a few places ACPICA needs to compute a GPE enable mask with
only one bit, corresponding to a given GPE, set. Currently, that
computation is always open coded which leads to unnecessary code
duplication. Fix this by introducing a helper function for computing
one-bit GPE enable masks and using it where appropriate.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Commit 0f849d2cc6 (ACPICA: Minimize
the differences between linux GPE code and ACPICA code base)
introduced a change attempting to disable a GPE before installing
a handler for it in acpi_install_gpe_handler() which was incorrect.
First, the GPE disabled by it is never enabled again (except during
resume) which leads to battery insert/remove events not being
reported on the Maxim Levitsky's machine. Second, the disabled
GPE is still reported as enabled by the sysfs interface that only
checks its enable register's enable_for_run mask.
Revert this change for now, because it causes more damage to happen
than the bug it was supposed to fix.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Reported-and-tested-by: Maxim Levitsky <maximlevitsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
acpi_hw_set_mode() double checks its effectiveness
by calling acpi_hw_get_mode() -- polling up to 3 seconds.
It would be more logical for its caller, acpi_enable()
acpi_enable() to do the double-checking. (lets assume
that acpi_disable() isn't interesting)
The ACPI specification is unclear on this point.
Some parts say that the BIOS sets SCI_EN and then returns to the OS,
but one part says "OSPM polls the SCI_EN bit until it is sampled SET".
The systems I have on hand do the former,
SCI_EN is observed to be set upon return from the BIOS.
So we move the check up out of acpi_hw_set_mode()
up into acpi_enable() where it makes logical sense.
Then we replace the 3-second polling loop
with a single check. If this check fails, we'll see:
"Hardware did not enter ACPI mode"
and the system will bail out of ACPI initialization
and likely fail to boot. If we see that in practice,
we can restore the polling, but put it into acpi_enable.
This patch is important if acpi_enable() is used in
the resume from S3 path. Many systems today are seen
coming back from S3 with SCI_EN off, and then failing
to set SCI_EN in response to acpi_enable(). Those systems
will take 3 seconds longer to resume due to this loop.
However, it is possible that we will not use acpi_enable()
in the S3 resume path, and bang SCI_EN directly, which
would make the loop harmless, as it would be invisible
to all systems except those that need it.
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Suspend has other meanings in ACPI context, name was misleading.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Original code did not handle the case where the object to be
copied was a namespace node.
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Create two new files, evgpeinit.c and evgpeutil.c. Updated
unix and linux makefiles.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
For all GPEs, including FADT-based and GPE Block Devices, execute
any _PRW methods in the new table, and process any _Lxx/_Exx GPE
methods in the new table. Any runtime GPE that is referred to
by an _Lxx/_Exx method in the new table is immediately enabled.
ACPICA BZ 833.
http://www.acpica.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=833
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Original fields were not very descriptive and led to maintenance
problems. New fields should help to understand the existing code.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
We have ported Rafael's major GPE changes
(ACPI: Use GPE reference counting to support shared GPEs) into ACPICA code base.
But the port and Rafael's original patch have some differences, so we made
below patch to make linux GPE code consistent with ACPICA code base.
Most changes are about comments and coding styles.
Other noticeable changes are based on:
Rafael: Reduce code duplication related to GPE lookup
https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/86237/
Rafael: Always use the same lock for GPE locking
https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/90471/
A new field gpe_count in struct acpi_gpe_block_info to record the number
of individual GPEs in block.
Rename acpi_ev_save_method_info to acpi_ev_match_gpe_method.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Robert Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Some BIOS on Toshiba machines corrupt the DSDT, so add a new
boot option acpi=copy_dsdt to workaround it.
Add warning message to ask users to use this option if corrupt DSDT detected.
Also build a DMI blacklist to check it and automatically copy DSDT.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=14679
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Move initialization of DSDT pointer. Emit address of DSDT
in the dump of both table headers (good/bad DSDT).
Now handles the case where the root table can be reallocated,
which would invalidate the original pointer.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Optionally copy the entire DSDT to local memory (instead of
simply mapping it.) There are some BIOSs that corrupt or replace
the original DSDT, creating the need for this option. Default is
FALSE, do not copy the DSDT.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=14679
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
This change adds support to detect a DSDT that has been corrupted
and/or replaced from outside the OS (by firmware). This is
typically catastrophic for the system, but has been seen on
some machines.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=14679
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
The original implementation only supported reading from a DataTable
region. However, some machines have been seen that actually write
to the ACPI table contained in such a region. This change adds
support for writing to a DataTable region.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
When copying the root table to the new allocation, the length
used was incorrect. The new size was used instead of the current
table size, meaning too much data was copied.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Starikovskiy <astarikovskiy@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Also split some long lines.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>