linux/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.h

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/*
* Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
* All Rights Reserved.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it would be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
#ifndef __XFS_MOUNT_H__
#define __XFS_MOUNT_H__
typedef struct xfs_trans_reservations {
uint tr_write; /* extent alloc trans */
uint tr_itruncate; /* truncate trans */
uint tr_rename; /* rename trans */
uint tr_link; /* link trans */
uint tr_remove; /* unlink trans */
uint tr_symlink; /* symlink trans */
uint tr_create; /* create trans */
uint tr_mkdir; /* mkdir trans */
uint tr_ifree; /* inode free trans */
uint tr_ichange; /* inode update trans */
uint tr_growdata; /* fs data section grow trans */
uint tr_swrite; /* sync write inode trans */
uint tr_addafork; /* cvt inode to attributed trans */
uint tr_writeid; /* write setuid/setgid file */
uint tr_attrinval; /* attr fork buffer invalidation */
uint tr_attrset; /* set/create an attribute */
uint tr_attrrm; /* remove an attribute */
uint tr_clearagi; /* clear bad agi unlinked ino bucket */
uint tr_growrtalloc; /* grow realtime allocations */
uint tr_growrtzero; /* grow realtime zeroing */
uint tr_growrtfree; /* grow realtime freeing */
} xfs_trans_reservations_t;
#ifndef __KERNEL__
#define xfs_daddr_to_agno(mp,d) \
((xfs_agnumber_t)(XFS_BB_TO_FSBT(mp, d) / (mp)->m_sb.sb_agblocks))
#define xfs_daddr_to_agbno(mp,d) \
((xfs_agblock_t)(XFS_BB_TO_FSBT(mp, d) % (mp)->m_sb.sb_agblocks))
#else /* __KERNEL__ */
struct xlog;
struct xfs_inode;
[XFS] Concurrent Multi-File Data Streams In media spaces, video is often stored in a frame-per-file format. When dealing with uncompressed realtime HD video streams in this format, it is crucial that files do not get fragmented and that multiple files a placed contiguously on disk. When multiple streams are being ingested and played out at the same time, it is critical that the filesystem does not cross the streams and interleave them together as this creates seek and readahead cache miss latency and prevents both ingest and playout from meeting frame rate targets. This patch set creates a "stream of files" concept into the allocator to place all the data from a single stream contiguously on disk so that RAID array readahead can be used effectively. Each additional stream gets placed in different allocation groups within the filesystem, thereby ensuring that we don't cross any streams. When an AG fills up, we select a new AG for the stream that is not in use. The core of the functionality is the stream tracking - each inode that we create in a directory needs to be associated with the directories' stream. Hence every time we create a file, we look up the directories' stream object and associate the new file with that object. Once we have a stream object for a file, we use the AG that the stream object point to for allocations. If we can't allocate in that AG (e.g. it is full) we move the entire stream to another AG. Other inodes in the same stream are moved to the new AG on their next allocation (i.e. lazy update). Stream objects are kept in a cache and hold a reference on the inode. Hence the inode cannot be reclaimed while there is an outstanding stream reference. This means that on unlink we need to remove the stream association and we also need to flush all the associations on certain events that want to reclaim all unreferenced inodes (e.g. filesystem freeze). SGI-PV: 964469 SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:29096a Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Barry Naujok <bnaujok@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Donald Douwsma <donaldd@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Tim Shimmin <tes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Vlad Apostolov <vapo@sgi.com>
2007-07-11 01:09:12 +00:00
struct xfs_mru_cache;
struct xfs_nameops;
struct xfs_ail;
struct xfs_quotainfo;
#ifdef HAVE_PERCPU_SB
/*
* Valid per-cpu incore superblock counters. Note that if you add new counters,
* you may need to define new counter disabled bit field descriptors as there
* are more possible fields in the superblock that can fit in a bitfield on a
* 32 bit platform. The XFS_SBS_* values for the current current counters just
* fit.
*/
typedef struct xfs_icsb_cnts {
uint64_t icsb_fdblocks;
uint64_t icsb_ifree;
uint64_t icsb_icount;
unsigned long icsb_flags;
} xfs_icsb_cnts_t;
#define XFS_ICSB_FLAG_LOCK (1 << 0) /* counter lock bit */
#define XFS_ICSB_LAZY_COUNT (1 << 1) /* accuracy not needed */
extern int xfs_icsb_init_counters(struct xfs_mount *);
extern void xfs_icsb_reinit_counters(struct xfs_mount *);
extern void xfs_icsb_destroy_counters(struct xfs_mount *);
extern void xfs_icsb_sync_counters(struct xfs_mount *, int);
extern void xfs_icsb_sync_counters_locked(struct xfs_mount *, int);
extern int xfs_icsb_modify_counters(struct xfs_mount *, xfs_sb_field_t,
int64_t, int);
#else
#define xfs_icsb_init_counters(mp) (0)
#define xfs_icsb_destroy_counters(mp) do { } while (0)
#define xfs_icsb_reinit_counters(mp) do { } while (0)
#define xfs_icsb_sync_counters(mp, flags) do { } while (0)
#define xfs_icsb_sync_counters_locked(mp, flags) do { } while (0)
#define xfs_icsb_modify_counters(mp, field, delta, rsvd) \
xfs_mod_incore_sb(mp, field, delta, rsvd)
#endif
xfs: dynamic speculative EOF preallocation Currently the size of the speculative preallocation during delayed allocation is fixed by either the allocsize mount option of a default size. We are seeing a lot of cases where we need to recommend using the allocsize mount option to prevent fragmentation when buffered writes land in the same AG. Rather than using a fixed preallocation size by default (up to 64k), make it dynamic by basing it on the current inode size. That way the EOF preallocation will increase as the file size increases. Hence for streaming writes we are much more likely to get large preallocations exactly when we need it to reduce fragementation. For default settings, the size of the initial extents is determined by the number of parallel writers and the amount of memory in the machine. For 4GB RAM and 4 concurrent 32GB file writes: EXT: FILE-OFFSET BLOCK-RANGE AG AG-OFFSET TOTAL 0: [0..1048575]: 1048672..2097247 0 (1048672..2097247) 1048576 1: [1048576..2097151]: 5242976..6291551 0 (5242976..6291551) 1048576 2: [2097152..4194303]: 12583008..14680159 0 (12583008..14680159) 2097152 3: [4194304..8388607]: 25165920..29360223 0 (25165920..29360223) 4194304 4: [8388608..16777215]: 58720352..67108959 0 (58720352..67108959) 8388608 5: [16777216..33554423]: 117440584..134217791 0 (117440584..134217791) 16777208 6: [33554424..50331511]: 184549056..201326143 0 (184549056..201326143) 16777088 7: [50331512..67108599]: 251657408..268434495 0 (251657408..268434495) 16777088 and for 16 concurrent 16GB file writes: EXT: FILE-OFFSET BLOCK-RANGE AG AG-OFFSET TOTAL 0: [0..262143]: 2490472..2752615 0 (2490472..2752615) 262144 1: [262144..524287]: 6291560..6553703 0 (6291560..6553703) 262144 2: [524288..1048575]: 13631592..14155879 0 (13631592..14155879) 524288 3: [1048576..2097151]: 30408808..31457383 0 (30408808..31457383) 1048576 4: [2097152..4194303]: 52428904..54526055 0 (52428904..54526055) 2097152 5: [4194304..8388607]: 104857704..109052007 0 (104857704..109052007) 4194304 6: [8388608..16777215]: 209715304..218103911 0 (209715304..218103911) 8388608 7: [16777216..33554423]: 452984848..469762055 0 (452984848..469762055) 16777208 Because it is hard to take back specualtive preallocation, cases where there are large slow growing log files on a nearly full filesystem may cause premature ENOSPC. Hence as the filesystem nears full, the maximum dynamic prealloc size іs reduced according to this table (based on 4k block size): freespace max prealloc size >5% full extent (8GB) 4-5% 2GB (8GB >> 2) 3-4% 1GB (8GB >> 3) 2-3% 512MB (8GB >> 4) 1-2% 256MB (8GB >> 5) <1% 128MB (8GB >> 6) This should reduce the amount of space held in speculative preallocation for such cases. The allocsize mount option turns off the dynamic behaviour and fixes the prealloc size to whatever the mount option specifies. i.e. the behaviour is unchanged. Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
2011-01-04 00:35:03 +00:00
/* dynamic preallocation free space thresholds, 5% down to 1% */
enum {
XFS_LOWSP_1_PCNT = 0,
XFS_LOWSP_2_PCNT,
XFS_LOWSP_3_PCNT,
XFS_LOWSP_4_PCNT,
XFS_LOWSP_5_PCNT,
XFS_LOWSP_MAX,
};
typedef struct xfs_mount {
struct super_block *m_super;
xfs_tid_t m_tid; /* next unused tid for fs */
struct xfs_ail *m_ail; /* fs active log item list */
xfs_sb_t m_sb; /* copy of fs superblock */
spinlock_t m_sb_lock; /* sb counter lock */
struct xfs_buf *m_sb_bp; /* buffer for superblock */
char *m_fsname; /* filesystem name */
int m_fsname_len; /* strlen of fs name */
char *m_rtname; /* realtime device name */
char *m_logname; /* external log device name */
int m_bsize; /* fs logical block size */
xfs_agnumber_t m_agfrotor; /* last ag where space found */
xfs_agnumber_t m_agirotor; /* last ag dir inode alloced */
spinlock_t m_agirotor_lock;/* .. and lock protecting it */
xfs_agnumber_t m_maxagi; /* highest inode alloc group */
uint m_readio_log; /* min read size log bytes */
uint m_readio_blocks; /* min read size blocks */
uint m_writeio_log; /* min write size log bytes */
uint m_writeio_blocks; /* min write size blocks */
struct xlog *m_log; /* log specific stuff */
int m_logbufs; /* number of log buffers */
int m_logbsize; /* size of each log buffer */
uint m_rsumlevels; /* rt summary levels */
uint m_rsumsize; /* size of rt summary, bytes */
struct xfs_inode *m_rbmip; /* pointer to bitmap inode */
struct xfs_inode *m_rsumip; /* pointer to summary inode */
struct xfs_inode *m_rootip; /* pointer to root directory */
struct xfs_quotainfo *m_quotainfo; /* disk quota information */
xfs_buftarg_t *m_ddev_targp; /* saves taking the address */
xfs_buftarg_t *m_logdev_targp;/* ptr to log device */
xfs_buftarg_t *m_rtdev_targp; /* ptr to rt device */
__uint8_t m_blkbit_log; /* blocklog + NBBY */
__uint8_t m_blkbb_log; /* blocklog - BBSHIFT */
__uint8_t m_agno_log; /* log #ag's */
__uint8_t m_agino_log; /* #bits for agino in inum */
__uint16_t m_inode_cluster_size;/* min inode buf size */
uint m_blockmask; /* sb_blocksize-1 */
uint m_blockwsize; /* sb_blocksize in words */
uint m_blockwmask; /* blockwsize-1 */
uint m_alloc_mxr[2]; /* max alloc btree records */
uint m_alloc_mnr[2]; /* min alloc btree records */
uint m_bmap_dmxr[2]; /* max bmap btree records */
uint m_bmap_dmnr[2]; /* min bmap btree records */
uint m_inobt_mxr[2]; /* max inobt btree records */
uint m_inobt_mnr[2]; /* min inobt btree records */
uint m_ag_maxlevels; /* XFS_AG_MAXLEVELS */
uint m_bm_maxlevels[2]; /* XFS_BM_MAXLEVELS */
uint m_in_maxlevels; /* max inobt btree levels. */
xfs: Replace per-ag array with a radix tree The use of an array for the per-ag structures requires reallocation of the array when growing the filesystem. This requires locking access to the array to avoid use after free situations, and the locking is difficult to get right. To avoid needing to reallocate an array, change the per-ag structures to an allocated object per ag and index them using a tree structure. The AGs are always densely indexed (hence the use of an array), but the number supported is 2^32 and lookups tend to be random and hence indexing needs to scale. A simple choice is a radix tree - it works well with this sort of index. This change also removes another large contiguous allocation from the mount/growfs path in XFS. The growing process now needs to change to only initialise the new AGs required for the extra space, and as such only needs to exclusively lock the tree for inserts. The rest of the code only needs to lock the tree while doing lookups, and hence this will remove all the deadlocks that currently occur on the m_perag_lock as it is now an innermost lock. The lock is also changed to a spinlock from a read/write lock as the hold time is now extremely short. To complete the picture, the per-ag structures will need to be reference counted to ensure that we don't free/modify them while they are still in use. This will be done in subsequent patch. Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <aelder@sgi.com>
2010-01-11 11:47:44 +00:00
struct radix_tree_root m_perag_tree; /* per-ag accounting info */
spinlock_t m_perag_lock; /* lock for m_perag_tree */
struct mutex m_growlock; /* growfs mutex */
int m_fixedfsid[2]; /* unchanged for life of FS */
uint m_dmevmask; /* DMI events for this FS */
__uint64_t m_flags; /* global mount flags */
uint m_dir_node_ents; /* #entries in a dir danode */
uint m_attr_node_ents; /* #entries in attr danode */
int m_ialloc_inos; /* inodes in inode allocation */
int m_ialloc_blks; /* blocks in inode allocation */
int m_inoalign_mask;/* mask sb_inoalignmt if used */
uint m_qflags; /* quota status flags */
xfs_trans_reservations_t m_reservations;/* precomputed res values */
__uint64_t m_maxicount; /* maximum inode count */
__uint64_t m_resblks; /* total reserved blocks */
__uint64_t m_resblks_avail;/* available reserved blocks */
__uint64_t m_resblks_save; /* reserved blks @ remount,ro */
int m_dalign; /* stripe unit */
int m_swidth; /* stripe width */
int m_sinoalign; /* stripe unit inode alignment */
int m_attr_magicpct;/* 37% of the blocksize */
int m_dir_magicpct; /* 37% of the dir blocksize */
__uint8_t m_sectbb_log; /* sectlog - BBSHIFT */
const struct xfs_nameops *m_dirnameops; /* vector of dir name ops */
int m_dirblksize; /* directory block sz--bytes */
int m_dirblkfsbs; /* directory block sz--fsbs */
xfs_dablk_t m_dirdatablk; /* blockno of dir data v2 */
xfs_dablk_t m_dirleafblk; /* blockno of dir non-data v2 */
xfs_dablk_t m_dirfreeblk; /* blockno of dirfreeindex v2 */
uint m_chsize; /* size of next field */
struct xfs_chash *m_chash; /* fs private inode per-cluster
* hash table */
atomic_t m_active_trans; /* number trans frozen */
#ifdef HAVE_PERCPU_SB
xfs_icsb_cnts_t __percpu *m_sb_cnts; /* per-cpu superblock counters */
unsigned long m_icsb_counters; /* disabled per-cpu counters */
struct notifier_block m_icsb_notifier; /* hotplug cpu notifier */
struct mutex m_icsb_mutex; /* balancer sync lock */
#endif
[XFS] Concurrent Multi-File Data Streams In media spaces, video is often stored in a frame-per-file format. When dealing with uncompressed realtime HD video streams in this format, it is crucial that files do not get fragmented and that multiple files a placed contiguously on disk. When multiple streams are being ingested and played out at the same time, it is critical that the filesystem does not cross the streams and interleave them together as this creates seek and readahead cache miss latency and prevents both ingest and playout from meeting frame rate targets. This patch set creates a "stream of files" concept into the allocator to place all the data from a single stream contiguously on disk so that RAID array readahead can be used effectively. Each additional stream gets placed in different allocation groups within the filesystem, thereby ensuring that we don't cross any streams. When an AG fills up, we select a new AG for the stream that is not in use. The core of the functionality is the stream tracking - each inode that we create in a directory needs to be associated with the directories' stream. Hence every time we create a file, we look up the directories' stream object and associate the new file with that object. Once we have a stream object for a file, we use the AG that the stream object point to for allocations. If we can't allocate in that AG (e.g. it is full) we move the entire stream to another AG. Other inodes in the same stream are moved to the new AG on their next allocation (i.e. lazy update). Stream objects are kept in a cache and hold a reference on the inode. Hence the inode cannot be reclaimed while there is an outstanding stream reference. This means that on unlink we need to remove the stream association and we also need to flush all the associations on certain events that want to reclaim all unreferenced inodes (e.g. filesystem freeze). SGI-PV: 964469 SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:29096a Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Barry Naujok <bnaujok@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Donald Douwsma <donaldd@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Tim Shimmin <tes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Vlad Apostolov <vapo@sgi.com>
2007-07-11 01:09:12 +00:00
struct xfs_mru_cache *m_filestream; /* per-mount filestream data */
xfs: introduce background inode reclaim work Background inode reclaim needs to run more frequently that the XFS syncd work is run as 30s is too long between optimal reclaim runs. Add a new periodic work item to the xfs syncd workqueue to run a fast, non-blocking inode reclaim scan. Background inode reclaim is kicked by the act of marking inodes for reclaim. When an AG is first marked as having reclaimable inodes, the background reclaim work is kicked. It will continue to run periodically untill it detects that there are no more reclaimable inodes. It will be kicked again when the first inode is queued for reclaim. To ensure shrinker based inode reclaim throttles to the inode cleaning and reclaim rate but still reclaim inodes efficiently, make it kick the background inode reclaim so that when we are low on memory we are trying to reclaim inodes as efficiently as possible. This kick shoul d not be necessary, but it will protect against failures to kick the background reclaim when inodes are first dirtied. To provide the rate throttling, make the shrinker pass do synchronous inode reclaim so that it blocks on inodes under IO. This means that the shrinker will reclaim inodes rather than just skipping over them, but it does not adversely affect the rate of reclaim because most dirty inodes are already under IO due to the background reclaim work the shrinker kicked. These two modifications solve one of the two OOM killer invocations Chris Mason reported recently when running a stress testing script. The particular workload trigger for the OOM killer invocation is where there are more threads than CPUs all unlinking files in an extremely memory constrained environment. Unlike other solutions, this one does not have a performance impact on performance when memory is not constrained or the number of concurrent threads operating is <= to the number of CPUs. Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Alex Elder <aelder@sgi.com>
2011-04-08 02:45:07 +00:00
struct delayed_work m_reclaim_work; /* background inode reclaim */
struct delayed_work m_eofblocks_work; /* background eof blocks
trimming */
__int64_t m_update_flags; /* sb flags we need to update
on the next remount,rw */
struct shrinker m_inode_shrink; /* inode reclaim shrinker */
xfs: dynamic speculative EOF preallocation Currently the size of the speculative preallocation during delayed allocation is fixed by either the allocsize mount option of a default size. We are seeing a lot of cases where we need to recommend using the allocsize mount option to prevent fragmentation when buffered writes land in the same AG. Rather than using a fixed preallocation size by default (up to 64k), make it dynamic by basing it on the current inode size. That way the EOF preallocation will increase as the file size increases. Hence for streaming writes we are much more likely to get large preallocations exactly when we need it to reduce fragementation. For default settings, the size of the initial extents is determined by the number of parallel writers and the amount of memory in the machine. For 4GB RAM and 4 concurrent 32GB file writes: EXT: FILE-OFFSET BLOCK-RANGE AG AG-OFFSET TOTAL 0: [0..1048575]: 1048672..2097247 0 (1048672..2097247) 1048576 1: [1048576..2097151]: 5242976..6291551 0 (5242976..6291551) 1048576 2: [2097152..4194303]: 12583008..14680159 0 (12583008..14680159) 2097152 3: [4194304..8388607]: 25165920..29360223 0 (25165920..29360223) 4194304 4: [8388608..16777215]: 58720352..67108959 0 (58720352..67108959) 8388608 5: [16777216..33554423]: 117440584..134217791 0 (117440584..134217791) 16777208 6: [33554424..50331511]: 184549056..201326143 0 (184549056..201326143) 16777088 7: [50331512..67108599]: 251657408..268434495 0 (251657408..268434495) 16777088 and for 16 concurrent 16GB file writes: EXT: FILE-OFFSET BLOCK-RANGE AG AG-OFFSET TOTAL 0: [0..262143]: 2490472..2752615 0 (2490472..2752615) 262144 1: [262144..524287]: 6291560..6553703 0 (6291560..6553703) 262144 2: [524288..1048575]: 13631592..14155879 0 (13631592..14155879) 524288 3: [1048576..2097151]: 30408808..31457383 0 (30408808..31457383) 1048576 4: [2097152..4194303]: 52428904..54526055 0 (52428904..54526055) 2097152 5: [4194304..8388607]: 104857704..109052007 0 (104857704..109052007) 4194304 6: [8388608..16777215]: 209715304..218103911 0 (209715304..218103911) 8388608 7: [16777216..33554423]: 452984848..469762055 0 (452984848..469762055) 16777208 Because it is hard to take back specualtive preallocation, cases where there are large slow growing log files on a nearly full filesystem may cause premature ENOSPC. Hence as the filesystem nears full, the maximum dynamic prealloc size іs reduced according to this table (based on 4k block size): freespace max prealloc size >5% full extent (8GB) 4-5% 2GB (8GB >> 2) 3-4% 1GB (8GB >> 3) 2-3% 512MB (8GB >> 4) 1-2% 256MB (8GB >> 5) <1% 128MB (8GB >> 6) This should reduce the amount of space held in speculative preallocation for such cases. The allocsize mount option turns off the dynamic behaviour and fixes the prealloc size to whatever the mount option specifies. i.e. the behaviour is unchanged. Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
2011-01-04 00:35:03 +00:00
int64_t m_low_space[XFS_LOWSP_MAX];
/* low free space thresholds */
struct workqueue_struct *m_data_workqueue;
struct workqueue_struct *m_unwritten_workqueue;
struct workqueue_struct *m_cil_workqueue;
struct workqueue_struct *m_reclaim_workqueue;
struct workqueue_struct *m_log_workqueue;
struct workqueue_struct *m_eofblocks_workqueue;
} xfs_mount_t;
/*
* Flags for m_flags.
*/
[XFS] Lazy Superblock Counters When we have a couple of hundred transactions on the fly at once, they all typically modify the on disk superblock in some way. create/unclink/mkdir/rmdir modify inode counts, allocation/freeing modify free block counts. When these counts are modified in a transaction, they must eventually lock the superblock buffer and apply the mods. The buffer then remains locked until the transaction is committed into the incore log buffer. The result of this is that with enough transactions on the fly the incore superblock buffer becomes a bottleneck. The result of contention on the incore superblock buffer is that transaction rates fall - the more pressure that is put on the superblock buffer, the slower things go. The key to removing the contention is to not require the superblock fields in question to be locked. We do that by not marking the superblock dirty in the transaction. IOWs, we modify the incore superblock but do not modify the cached superblock buffer. In short, we do not log superblock modifications to critical fields in the superblock on every transaction. In fact we only do it just before we write the superblock to disk every sync period or just before unmount. This creates an interesting problem - if we don't log or write out the fields in every transaction, then how do the values get recovered after a crash? the answer is simple - we keep enough duplicate, logged information in other structures that we can reconstruct the correct count after log recovery has been performed. It is the AGF and AGI structures that contain the duplicate information; after recovery, we walk every AGI and AGF and sum their individual counters to get the correct value, and we do a transaction into the log to correct them. An optimisation of this is that if we have a clean unmount record, we know the value in the superblock is correct, so we can avoid the summation walk under normal conditions and so mount/recovery times do not change under normal operation. One wrinkle that was discovered during development was that the blocks used in the freespace btrees are never accounted for in the AGF counters. This was once a valid optimisation to make; when the filesystem is full, the free space btrees are empty and consume no space. Hence when it matters, the "accounting" is correct. But that means the when we do the AGF summations, we would not have a correct count and xfs_check would complain. Hence a new counter was added to track the number of blocks used by the free space btrees. This is an *on-disk format change*. As a result of this, lazy superblock counters are a mkfs option and at the moment on linux there is no way to convert an old filesystem. This is possible - xfs_db can be used to twiddle the right bits and then xfs_repair will do the format conversion for you. Similarly, you can convert backwards as well. At some point we'll add functionality to xfs_admin to do the bit twiddling easily.... SGI-PV: 964999 SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:28652a Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Tim Shimmin <tes@sgi.com>
2007-05-24 05:26:31 +00:00
#define XFS_MOUNT_WSYNC (1ULL << 0) /* for nfs - all metadata ops
must be synchronous except
for space allocations */
[XFS] Lazy Superblock Counters When we have a couple of hundred transactions on the fly at once, they all typically modify the on disk superblock in some way. create/unclink/mkdir/rmdir modify inode counts, allocation/freeing modify free block counts. When these counts are modified in a transaction, they must eventually lock the superblock buffer and apply the mods. The buffer then remains locked until the transaction is committed into the incore log buffer. The result of this is that with enough transactions on the fly the incore superblock buffer becomes a bottleneck. The result of contention on the incore superblock buffer is that transaction rates fall - the more pressure that is put on the superblock buffer, the slower things go. The key to removing the contention is to not require the superblock fields in question to be locked. We do that by not marking the superblock dirty in the transaction. IOWs, we modify the incore superblock but do not modify the cached superblock buffer. In short, we do not log superblock modifications to critical fields in the superblock on every transaction. In fact we only do it just before we write the superblock to disk every sync period or just before unmount. This creates an interesting problem - if we don't log or write out the fields in every transaction, then how do the values get recovered after a crash? the answer is simple - we keep enough duplicate, logged information in other structures that we can reconstruct the correct count after log recovery has been performed. It is the AGF and AGI structures that contain the duplicate information; after recovery, we walk every AGI and AGF and sum their individual counters to get the correct value, and we do a transaction into the log to correct them. An optimisation of this is that if we have a clean unmount record, we know the value in the superblock is correct, so we can avoid the summation walk under normal conditions and so mount/recovery times do not change under normal operation. One wrinkle that was discovered during development was that the blocks used in the freespace btrees are never accounted for in the AGF counters. This was once a valid optimisation to make; when the filesystem is full, the free space btrees are empty and consume no space. Hence when it matters, the "accounting" is correct. But that means the when we do the AGF summations, we would not have a correct count and xfs_check would complain. Hence a new counter was added to track the number of blocks used by the free space btrees. This is an *on-disk format change*. As a result of this, lazy superblock counters are a mkfs option and at the moment on linux there is no way to convert an old filesystem. This is possible - xfs_db can be used to twiddle the right bits and then xfs_repair will do the format conversion for you. Similarly, you can convert backwards as well. At some point we'll add functionality to xfs_admin to do the bit twiddling easily.... SGI-PV: 964999 SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:28652a Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Tim Shimmin <tes@sgi.com>
2007-05-24 05:26:31 +00:00
#define XFS_MOUNT_WAS_CLEAN (1ULL << 3)
#define XFS_MOUNT_FS_SHUTDOWN (1ULL << 4) /* atomic stop of all filesystem
operations, typically for
disk errors in metadata */
#define XFS_MOUNT_DISCARD (1ULL << 5) /* discard unused blocks */
#define XFS_MOUNT_RETERR (1ULL << 6) /* return alignment errors to
user */
#define XFS_MOUNT_NOALIGN (1ULL << 7) /* turn off stripe alignment
allocations */
#define XFS_MOUNT_ATTR2 (1ULL << 8) /* allow use of attr2 format */
#define XFS_MOUNT_GRPID (1ULL << 9) /* group-ID assigned from directory */
#define XFS_MOUNT_NORECOVERY (1ULL << 10) /* no recovery - dirty fs */
#define XFS_MOUNT_DFLT_IOSIZE (1ULL << 12) /* set default i/o size */
#define XFS_MOUNT_32BITINODES (1ULL << 14) /* do not create inodes above
* 32 bits in size */
#define XFS_MOUNT_SMALL_INUMS (1ULL << 15) /* users wants 32bit inodes */
#define XFS_MOUNT_NOUUID (1ULL << 16) /* ignore uuid during mount */
#define XFS_MOUNT_BARRIER (1ULL << 17)
#define XFS_MOUNT_IKEEP (1ULL << 18) /* keep empty inode clusters*/
#define XFS_MOUNT_SWALLOC (1ULL << 19) /* turn on stripe width
* allocation */
#define XFS_MOUNT_RDONLY (1ULL << 20) /* read-only fs */
#define XFS_MOUNT_DIRSYNC (1ULL << 21) /* synchronous directory ops */
#define XFS_MOUNT_COMPAT_IOSIZE (1ULL << 22) /* don't report large preferred
* I/O size in stat() */
[XFS] Concurrent Multi-File Data Streams In media spaces, video is often stored in a frame-per-file format. When dealing with uncompressed realtime HD video streams in this format, it is crucial that files do not get fragmented and that multiple files a placed contiguously on disk. When multiple streams are being ingested and played out at the same time, it is critical that the filesystem does not cross the streams and interleave them together as this creates seek and readahead cache miss latency and prevents both ingest and playout from meeting frame rate targets. This patch set creates a "stream of files" concept into the allocator to place all the data from a single stream contiguously on disk so that RAID array readahead can be used effectively. Each additional stream gets placed in different allocation groups within the filesystem, thereby ensuring that we don't cross any streams. When an AG fills up, we select a new AG for the stream that is not in use. The core of the functionality is the stream tracking - each inode that we create in a directory needs to be associated with the directories' stream. Hence every time we create a file, we look up the directories' stream object and associate the new file with that object. Once we have a stream object for a file, we use the AG that the stream object point to for allocations. If we can't allocate in that AG (e.g. it is full) we move the entire stream to another AG. Other inodes in the same stream are moved to the new AG on their next allocation (i.e. lazy update). Stream objects are kept in a cache and hold a reference on the inode. Hence the inode cannot be reclaimed while there is an outstanding stream reference. This means that on unlink we need to remove the stream association and we also need to flush all the associations on certain events that want to reclaim all unreferenced inodes (e.g. filesystem freeze). SGI-PV: 964469 SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:29096a Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Barry Naujok <bnaujok@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Donald Douwsma <donaldd@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Tim Shimmin <tes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Vlad Apostolov <vapo@sgi.com>
2007-07-11 01:09:12 +00:00
#define XFS_MOUNT_FILESTREAMS (1ULL << 24) /* enable the filestreams
allocator */
#define XFS_MOUNT_NOATTR2 (1ULL << 25) /* disable use of attr2 format */
/*
* Default minimum read and write sizes.
*/
#define XFS_READIO_LOG_LARGE 16
#define XFS_WRITEIO_LOG_LARGE 16
/*
* Max and min values for mount-option defined I/O
* preallocation sizes.
*/
#define XFS_MAX_IO_LOG 30 /* 1G */
#define XFS_MIN_IO_LOG PAGE_SHIFT
/*
* Synchronous read and write sizes. This should be
* better for NFSv2 wsync filesystems.
*/
#define XFS_WSYNC_READIO_LOG 15 /* 32k */
#define XFS_WSYNC_WRITEIO_LOG 14 /* 16k */
/*
* Allow large block sizes to be reported to userspace programs if the
* "largeio" mount option is used.
*
* If compatibility mode is specified, simply return the basic unit of caching
* so that we don't get inefficient read/modify/write I/O from user apps.
* Otherwise....
*
* If the underlying volume is a stripe, then return the stripe width in bytes
* as the recommended I/O size. It is not a stripe and we've set a default
* buffered I/O size, return that, otherwise return the compat default.
*/
static inline unsigned long
xfs_preferred_iosize(xfs_mount_t *mp)
{
if (mp->m_flags & XFS_MOUNT_COMPAT_IOSIZE)
return PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;
return (mp->m_swidth ?
(mp->m_swidth << mp->m_sb.sb_blocklog) :
((mp->m_flags & XFS_MOUNT_DFLT_IOSIZE) ?
(1 << (int)MAX(mp->m_readio_log, mp->m_writeio_log)) :
PAGE_CACHE_SIZE));
}
[XFS] Lazy Superblock Counters When we have a couple of hundred transactions on the fly at once, they all typically modify the on disk superblock in some way. create/unclink/mkdir/rmdir modify inode counts, allocation/freeing modify free block counts. When these counts are modified in a transaction, they must eventually lock the superblock buffer and apply the mods. The buffer then remains locked until the transaction is committed into the incore log buffer. The result of this is that with enough transactions on the fly the incore superblock buffer becomes a bottleneck. The result of contention on the incore superblock buffer is that transaction rates fall - the more pressure that is put on the superblock buffer, the slower things go. The key to removing the contention is to not require the superblock fields in question to be locked. We do that by not marking the superblock dirty in the transaction. IOWs, we modify the incore superblock but do not modify the cached superblock buffer. In short, we do not log superblock modifications to critical fields in the superblock on every transaction. In fact we only do it just before we write the superblock to disk every sync period or just before unmount. This creates an interesting problem - if we don't log or write out the fields in every transaction, then how do the values get recovered after a crash? the answer is simple - we keep enough duplicate, logged information in other structures that we can reconstruct the correct count after log recovery has been performed. It is the AGF and AGI structures that contain the duplicate information; after recovery, we walk every AGI and AGF and sum their individual counters to get the correct value, and we do a transaction into the log to correct them. An optimisation of this is that if we have a clean unmount record, we know the value in the superblock is correct, so we can avoid the summation walk under normal conditions and so mount/recovery times do not change under normal operation. One wrinkle that was discovered during development was that the blocks used in the freespace btrees are never accounted for in the AGF counters. This was once a valid optimisation to make; when the filesystem is full, the free space btrees are empty and consume no space. Hence when it matters, the "accounting" is correct. But that means the when we do the AGF summations, we would not have a correct count and xfs_check would complain. Hence a new counter was added to track the number of blocks used by the free space btrees. This is an *on-disk format change*. As a result of this, lazy superblock counters are a mkfs option and at the moment on linux there is no way to convert an old filesystem. This is possible - xfs_db can be used to twiddle the right bits and then xfs_repair will do the format conversion for you. Similarly, you can convert backwards as well. At some point we'll add functionality to xfs_admin to do the bit twiddling easily.... SGI-PV: 964999 SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:28652a Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Tim Shimmin <tes@sgi.com>
2007-05-24 05:26:31 +00:00
#define XFS_LAST_UNMOUNT_WAS_CLEAN(mp) \
((mp)->m_flags & XFS_MOUNT_WAS_CLEAN)
#define XFS_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(mp) ((mp)->m_flags & XFS_MOUNT_FS_SHUTDOWN)
void xfs_do_force_shutdown(struct xfs_mount *mp, int flags, char *fname,
int lnnum);
#define xfs_force_shutdown(m,f) \
xfs_do_force_shutdown(m, f, __FILE__, __LINE__)
#define SHUTDOWN_META_IO_ERROR 0x0001 /* write attempt to metadata failed */
#define SHUTDOWN_LOG_IO_ERROR 0x0002 /* write attempt to the log failed */
#define SHUTDOWN_FORCE_UMOUNT 0x0004 /* shutdown from a forced unmount */
#define SHUTDOWN_CORRUPT_INCORE 0x0008 /* corrupt in-memory data structures */
#define SHUTDOWN_REMOTE_REQ 0x0010 /* shutdown came from remote cell */
#define SHUTDOWN_DEVICE_REQ 0x0020 /* failed all paths to the device */
/*
* Flags for xfs_mountfs
*/
#define XFS_MFSI_QUIET 0x40 /* Be silent if mount errors found */
static inline xfs_agnumber_t
xfs_daddr_to_agno(struct xfs_mount *mp, xfs_daddr_t d)
{
xfs_daddr_t ld = XFS_BB_TO_FSBT(mp, d);
do_div(ld, mp->m_sb.sb_agblocks);
return (xfs_agnumber_t) ld;
}
static inline xfs_agblock_t
xfs_daddr_to_agbno(struct xfs_mount *mp, xfs_daddr_t d)
{
xfs_daddr_t ld = XFS_BB_TO_FSBT(mp, d);
return (xfs_agblock_t) do_div(ld, mp->m_sb.sb_agblocks);
}
/*
* perag get/put wrappers for ref counting
*/
struct xfs_perag *xfs_perag_get(struct xfs_mount *mp, xfs_agnumber_t agno);
struct xfs_perag *xfs_perag_get_tag(struct xfs_mount *mp, xfs_agnumber_t agno,
int tag);
void xfs_perag_put(struct xfs_perag *pag);
/*
* Per-cpu superblock locking functions
*/
#ifdef HAVE_PERCPU_SB
static inline void
xfs_icsb_lock(xfs_mount_t *mp)
{
mutex_lock(&mp->m_icsb_mutex);
}
static inline void
xfs_icsb_unlock(xfs_mount_t *mp)
{
mutex_unlock(&mp->m_icsb_mutex);
}
#else
#define xfs_icsb_lock(mp)
#define xfs_icsb_unlock(mp)
#endif
/*
* This structure is for use by the xfs_mod_incore_sb_batch() routine.
* xfs_growfs can specify a few fields which are more than int limit
*/
typedef struct xfs_mod_sb {
xfs_sb_field_t msb_field; /* Field to modify, see below */
int64_t msb_delta; /* Change to make to specified field */
} xfs_mod_sb_t;
extern int xfs_log_sbcount(xfs_mount_t *);
extern __uint64_t xfs_default_resblks(xfs_mount_t *mp);
extern int xfs_mountfs(xfs_mount_t *mp);
extern void xfs_unmountfs(xfs_mount_t *);
extern int xfs_mod_incore_sb(xfs_mount_t *, xfs_sb_field_t, int64_t, int);
extern int xfs_mod_incore_sb_batch(xfs_mount_t *, xfs_mod_sb_t *,
uint, int);
extern int xfs_mount_log_sb(xfs_mount_t *, __int64_t);
extern struct xfs_buf *xfs_getsb(xfs_mount_t *, int);
extern int xfs_readsb(xfs_mount_t *, int);
extern void xfs_freesb(xfs_mount_t *);
[XFS] Lazy Superblock Counters When we have a couple of hundred transactions on the fly at once, they all typically modify the on disk superblock in some way. create/unclink/mkdir/rmdir modify inode counts, allocation/freeing modify free block counts. When these counts are modified in a transaction, they must eventually lock the superblock buffer and apply the mods. The buffer then remains locked until the transaction is committed into the incore log buffer. The result of this is that with enough transactions on the fly the incore superblock buffer becomes a bottleneck. The result of contention on the incore superblock buffer is that transaction rates fall - the more pressure that is put on the superblock buffer, the slower things go. The key to removing the contention is to not require the superblock fields in question to be locked. We do that by not marking the superblock dirty in the transaction. IOWs, we modify the incore superblock but do not modify the cached superblock buffer. In short, we do not log superblock modifications to critical fields in the superblock on every transaction. In fact we only do it just before we write the superblock to disk every sync period or just before unmount. This creates an interesting problem - if we don't log or write out the fields in every transaction, then how do the values get recovered after a crash? the answer is simple - we keep enough duplicate, logged information in other structures that we can reconstruct the correct count after log recovery has been performed. It is the AGF and AGI structures that contain the duplicate information; after recovery, we walk every AGI and AGF and sum their individual counters to get the correct value, and we do a transaction into the log to correct them. An optimisation of this is that if we have a clean unmount record, we know the value in the superblock is correct, so we can avoid the summation walk under normal conditions and so mount/recovery times do not change under normal operation. One wrinkle that was discovered during development was that the blocks used in the freespace btrees are never accounted for in the AGF counters. This was once a valid optimisation to make; when the filesystem is full, the free space btrees are empty and consume no space. Hence when it matters, the "accounting" is correct. But that means the when we do the AGF summations, we would not have a correct count and xfs_check would complain. Hence a new counter was added to track the number of blocks used by the free space btrees. This is an *on-disk format change*. As a result of this, lazy superblock counters are a mkfs option and at the moment on linux there is no way to convert an old filesystem. This is possible - xfs_db can be used to twiddle the right bits and then xfs_repair will do the format conversion for you. Similarly, you can convert backwards as well. At some point we'll add functionality to xfs_admin to do the bit twiddling easily.... SGI-PV: 964999 SGI-Modid: xfs-linux-melb:xfs-kern:28652a Signed-off-by: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Tim Shimmin <tes@sgi.com>
2007-05-24 05:26:31 +00:00
extern int xfs_fs_writable(xfs_mount_t *);
extern int xfs_sb_validate_fsb_count(struct xfs_sb *, __uint64_t);
extern int xfs_dev_is_read_only(struct xfs_mount *, char *);
xfs: dynamic speculative EOF preallocation Currently the size of the speculative preallocation during delayed allocation is fixed by either the allocsize mount option of a default size. We are seeing a lot of cases where we need to recommend using the allocsize mount option to prevent fragmentation when buffered writes land in the same AG. Rather than using a fixed preallocation size by default (up to 64k), make it dynamic by basing it on the current inode size. That way the EOF preallocation will increase as the file size increases. Hence for streaming writes we are much more likely to get large preallocations exactly when we need it to reduce fragementation. For default settings, the size of the initial extents is determined by the number of parallel writers and the amount of memory in the machine. For 4GB RAM and 4 concurrent 32GB file writes: EXT: FILE-OFFSET BLOCK-RANGE AG AG-OFFSET TOTAL 0: [0..1048575]: 1048672..2097247 0 (1048672..2097247) 1048576 1: [1048576..2097151]: 5242976..6291551 0 (5242976..6291551) 1048576 2: [2097152..4194303]: 12583008..14680159 0 (12583008..14680159) 2097152 3: [4194304..8388607]: 25165920..29360223 0 (25165920..29360223) 4194304 4: [8388608..16777215]: 58720352..67108959 0 (58720352..67108959) 8388608 5: [16777216..33554423]: 117440584..134217791 0 (117440584..134217791) 16777208 6: [33554424..50331511]: 184549056..201326143 0 (184549056..201326143) 16777088 7: [50331512..67108599]: 251657408..268434495 0 (251657408..268434495) 16777088 and for 16 concurrent 16GB file writes: EXT: FILE-OFFSET BLOCK-RANGE AG AG-OFFSET TOTAL 0: [0..262143]: 2490472..2752615 0 (2490472..2752615) 262144 1: [262144..524287]: 6291560..6553703 0 (6291560..6553703) 262144 2: [524288..1048575]: 13631592..14155879 0 (13631592..14155879) 524288 3: [1048576..2097151]: 30408808..31457383 0 (30408808..31457383) 1048576 4: [2097152..4194303]: 52428904..54526055 0 (52428904..54526055) 2097152 5: [4194304..8388607]: 104857704..109052007 0 (104857704..109052007) 4194304 6: [8388608..16777215]: 209715304..218103911 0 (209715304..218103911) 8388608 7: [16777216..33554423]: 452984848..469762055 0 (452984848..469762055) 16777208 Because it is hard to take back specualtive preallocation, cases where there are large slow growing log files on a nearly full filesystem may cause premature ENOSPC. Hence as the filesystem nears full, the maximum dynamic prealloc size іs reduced according to this table (based on 4k block size): freespace max prealloc size >5% full extent (8GB) 4-5% 2GB (8GB >> 2) 3-4% 1GB (8GB >> 3) 2-3% 512MB (8GB >> 4) 1-2% 256MB (8GB >> 5) <1% 128MB (8GB >> 6) This should reduce the amount of space held in speculative preallocation for such cases. The allocsize mount option turns off the dynamic behaviour and fixes the prealloc size to whatever the mount option specifies. i.e. the behaviour is unchanged. Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
2011-01-04 00:35:03 +00:00
extern void xfs_set_low_space_thresholds(struct xfs_mount *);
#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
extern void xfs_mod_sb(struct xfs_trans *, __int64_t);
xfs: Replace per-ag array with a radix tree The use of an array for the per-ag structures requires reallocation of the array when growing the filesystem. This requires locking access to the array to avoid use after free situations, and the locking is difficult to get right. To avoid needing to reallocate an array, change the per-ag structures to an allocated object per ag and index them using a tree structure. The AGs are always densely indexed (hence the use of an array), but the number supported is 2^32 and lookups tend to be random and hence indexing needs to scale. A simple choice is a radix tree - it works well with this sort of index. This change also removes another large contiguous allocation from the mount/growfs path in XFS. The growing process now needs to change to only initialise the new AGs required for the extra space, and as such only needs to exclusively lock the tree for inserts. The rest of the code only needs to lock the tree while doing lookups, and hence this will remove all the deadlocks that currently occur on the m_perag_lock as it is now an innermost lock. The lock is also changed to a spinlock from a read/write lock as the hold time is now extremely short. To complete the picture, the per-ag structures will need to be reference counted to ensure that we don't free/modify them while they are still in use. This will be done in subsequent patch. Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <aelder@sgi.com>
2010-01-11 11:47:44 +00:00
extern int xfs_initialize_perag(struct xfs_mount *, xfs_agnumber_t,
xfs_agnumber_t *);
extern void xfs_sb_from_disk(struct xfs_sb *, struct xfs_dsb *);
extern void xfs_sb_to_disk(struct xfs_dsb *, struct xfs_sb *, __int64_t);
extern const struct xfs_buf_ops xfs_sb_buf_ops;
#endif /* __XFS_MOUNT_H__ */