linux/arch/arm/kernel/kprobes.c

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/*
* arch/arm/kernel/kprobes.c
*
* Kprobes on ARM
*
* Abhishek Sagar <sagar.abhishek@gmail.com>
* Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 Motorola Inc.
*
* Nicolas Pitre <nico@marvell.com>
* Copyright (C) 2007 Marvell Ltd.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* General Public License for more details.
*/
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/kprobes.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/stringify.h>
#include <asm/traps.h>
#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
#define MIN_STACK_SIZE(addr) \
min((unsigned long)MAX_STACK_SIZE, \
(unsigned long)current_thread_info() + THREAD_START_SP - (addr))
#define flush_insns(addr, cnt) \
flush_icache_range((unsigned long)(addr), \
(unsigned long)(addr) + \
sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t) * (cnt))
/* Used as a marker in ARM_pc to note when we're in a jprobe. */
#define JPROBE_MAGIC_ADDR 0xffffffff
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe *, current_kprobe) = NULL;
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe_ctlblk, kprobe_ctlblk);
int __kprobes arch_prepare_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
kprobe_opcode_t insn;
kprobe_opcode_t tmp_insn[MAX_INSN_SIZE];
unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)p->addr;
int is;
if (addr & 0x3 || in_exception_text(addr))
return -EINVAL;
insn = *p->addr;
p->opcode = insn;
p->ainsn.insn = tmp_insn;
switch (arm_kprobe_decode_insn(insn, &p->ainsn)) {
case INSN_REJECTED: /* not supported */
return -EINVAL;
case INSN_GOOD: /* instruction uses slot */
p->ainsn.insn = get_insn_slot();
if (!p->ainsn.insn)
return -ENOMEM;
for (is = 0; is < MAX_INSN_SIZE; ++is)
p->ainsn.insn[is] = tmp_insn[is];
flush_insns(p->ainsn.insn, MAX_INSN_SIZE);
break;
case INSN_GOOD_NO_SLOT: /* instruction doesn't need insn slot */
p->ainsn.insn = NULL;
break;
}
return 0;
}
void __kprobes arch_arm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
*p->addr = KPROBE_BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION;
flush_insns(p->addr, 1);
}
void __kprobes arch_disarm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
*p->addr = p->opcode;
flush_insns(p->addr, 1);
}
void __kprobes arch_remove_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
if (p->ainsn.insn) {
mutex_lock(&kprobe_mutex);
free_insn_slot(p->ainsn.insn, 0);
mutex_unlock(&kprobe_mutex);
p->ainsn.insn = NULL;
}
}
static void __kprobes save_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
kcb->prev_kprobe.kp = kprobe_running();
kcb->prev_kprobe.status = kcb->kprobe_status;
}
static void __kprobes restore_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
__get_cpu_var(current_kprobe) = kcb->prev_kprobe.kp;
kcb->kprobe_status = kcb->prev_kprobe.status;
}
static void __kprobes set_current_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
__get_cpu_var(current_kprobe) = p;
}
static void __kprobes singlestep(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs,
struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
regs->ARM_pc += 4;
p->ainsn.insn_handler(p, regs);
}
/*
* Called with IRQs disabled. IRQs must remain disabled from that point
* all the way until processing this kprobe is complete. The current
* kprobes implementation cannot process more than one nested level of
* kprobe, and that level is reserved for user kprobe handlers, so we can't
* risk encountering a new kprobe in an interrupt handler.
*/
void __kprobes kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
struct kprobe *p, *cur;
struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb;
kprobe_opcode_t *addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)regs->ARM_pc;
kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
cur = kprobe_running();
p = get_kprobe(addr);
if (p) {
if (cur) {
/* Kprobe is pending, so we're recursing. */
switch (kcb->kprobe_status) {
case KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE:
case KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE:
/* A pre- or post-handler probe got us here. */
kprobes_inc_nmissed_count(p);
save_previous_kprobe(kcb);
set_current_kprobe(p);
kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_REENTER;
singlestep(p, regs, kcb);
restore_previous_kprobe(kcb);
break;
default:
/* impossible cases */
BUG();
}
} else {
set_current_kprobe(p);
kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE;
/*
* If we have no pre-handler or it returned 0, we
* continue with normal processing. If we have a
* pre-handler and it returned non-zero, it prepped
* for calling the break_handler below on re-entry,
* so get out doing nothing more here.
*/
if (!p->pre_handler || !p->pre_handler(p, regs)) {
kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SS;
singlestep(p, regs, kcb);
if (p->post_handler) {
kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE;
p->post_handler(p, regs, 0);
}
reset_current_kprobe();
}
}
} else if (cur) {
/* We probably hit a jprobe. Call its break handler. */
if (cur->break_handler && cur->break_handler(cur, regs)) {
kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SS;
singlestep(cur, regs, kcb);
if (cur->post_handler) {
kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE;
cur->post_handler(cur, regs, 0);
}
}
reset_current_kprobe();
} else {
/*
* The probe was removed and a race is in progress.
* There is nothing we can do about it. Let's restart
* the instruction. By the time we can restart, the
* real instruction will be there.
*/
}
}
int kprobe_trap_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned int instr)
{
kprobe_handler(regs);
return 0;
}
int __kprobes kprobe_fault_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned int fsr)
{
struct kprobe *cur = kprobe_running();
struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
switch (kcb->kprobe_status) {
case KPROBE_HIT_SS:
case KPROBE_REENTER:
/*
* We are here because the instruction being single
* stepped caused a page fault. We reset the current
* kprobe and the PC to point back to the probe address
* and allow the page fault handler to continue as a
* normal page fault.
*/
regs->ARM_pc = (long)cur->addr;
if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_REENTER) {
restore_previous_kprobe(kcb);
} else {
reset_current_kprobe();
}
break;
case KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE:
case KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE:
/*
* We increment the nmissed count for accounting,
* we can also use npre/npostfault count for accounting
* these specific fault cases.
*/
kprobes_inc_nmissed_count(cur);
/*
* We come here because instructions in the pre/post
* handler caused the page_fault, this could happen
* if handler tries to access user space by
* copy_from_user(), get_user() etc. Let the
* user-specified handler try to fix it.
*/
if (cur->fault_handler && cur->fault_handler(cur, regs, fsr))
return 1;
break;
default:
break;
}
return 0;
}
int __kprobes kprobe_exceptions_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
unsigned long val, void *data)
{
/*
* notify_die() is currently never called on ARM,
* so this callback is currently empty.
*/
return NOTIFY_DONE;
}
/*
* When a retprobed function returns, trampoline_handler() is called,
* calling the kretprobe's handler. We construct a struct pt_regs to
* give a view of registers r0-r11 to the user return-handler. This is
* not a complete pt_regs structure, but that should be plenty sufficient
* for kretprobe handlers which should normally be interested in r0 only
* anyway.
*/
void __naked __kprobes kretprobe_trampoline(void)
{
__asm__ __volatile__ (
"stmdb sp!, {r0 - r11} \n\t"
"mov r0, sp \n\t"
"bl trampoline_handler \n\t"
"mov lr, r0 \n\t"
"ldmia sp!, {r0 - r11} \n\t"
"mov pc, lr \n\t"
: : : "memory");
}
/* Called from kretprobe_trampoline */
static __used __kprobes void *trampoline_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
struct kretprobe_instance *ri = NULL;
struct hlist_head *head, empty_rp;
struct hlist_node *node, *tmp;
unsigned long flags, orig_ret_address = 0;
unsigned long trampoline_address = (unsigned long)&kretprobe_trampoline;
INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&empty_rp);
kprobes: improve kretprobe scalability with hashed locking Currently list of kretprobe instances are stored in kretprobe object (as used_instances,free_instances) and in kretprobe hash table. We have one global kretprobe lock to serialise the access to these lists. This causes only one kretprobe handler to execute at a time. Hence affects system performance, particularly on SMP systems and when return probe is set on lot of functions (like on all systemcalls). Solution proposed here gives fine-grain locks that performs better on SMP system compared to present kretprobe implementation. Solution: 1) Instead of having one global lock to protect kretprobe instances present in kretprobe object and kretprobe hash table. We will have two locks, one lock for protecting kretprobe hash table and another lock for kretporbe object. 2) We hold lock present in kretprobe object while we modify kretprobe instance in kretprobe object and we hold per-hash-list lock while modifying kretprobe instances present in that hash list. To prevent deadlock, we never grab a per-hash-list lock while holding a kretprobe lock. 3) We can remove used_instances from struct kretprobe, as we can track used instances of kretprobe instances using kretprobe hash table. Time duration for kernel compilation ("make -j 8") on a 8-way ppc64 system with return probes set on all systemcalls looks like this. cacheline non-cacheline Un-patched kernel aligned patch aligned patch =============================================================================== real 9m46.784s 9m54.412s 10m2.450s user 40m5.715s 40m7.142s 40m4.273s sys 2m57.754s 2m58.583s 3m17.430s =========================================================== Time duration for kernel compilation ("make -j 8) on the same system, when kernel is not probed. ========================= real 9m26.389s user 40m8.775s sys 2m7.283s ========================= Signed-off-by: Srinivasa DS <srinivasa@in.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Jim Keniston <jkenisto@us.ibm.com> Acked-by: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-25 08:46:04 +00:00
kretprobe_hash_lock(current, &head, &flags);
/*
* It is possible to have multiple instances associated with a given
* task either because multiple functions in the call path have
* a return probe installed on them, and/or more than one return
* probe was registered for a target function.
*
* We can handle this because:
* - instances are always inserted at the head of the list
* - when multiple return probes are registered for the same
* function, the first instance's ret_addr will point to the
* real return address, and all the rest will point to
* kretprobe_trampoline
*/
hlist_for_each_entry_safe(ri, node, tmp, head, hlist) {
if (ri->task != current)
/* another task is sharing our hash bucket */
continue;
if (ri->rp && ri->rp->handler) {
__get_cpu_var(current_kprobe) = &ri->rp->kp;
get_kprobe_ctlblk()->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE;
ri->rp->handler(ri, regs);
__get_cpu_var(current_kprobe) = NULL;
}
orig_ret_address = (unsigned long)ri->ret_addr;
recycle_rp_inst(ri, &empty_rp);
if (orig_ret_address != trampoline_address)
/*
* This is the real return address. Any other
* instances associated with this task are for
* other calls deeper on the call stack
*/
break;
}
kretprobe_assert(ri, orig_ret_address, trampoline_address);
kprobes: improve kretprobe scalability with hashed locking Currently list of kretprobe instances are stored in kretprobe object (as used_instances,free_instances) and in kretprobe hash table. We have one global kretprobe lock to serialise the access to these lists. This causes only one kretprobe handler to execute at a time. Hence affects system performance, particularly on SMP systems and when return probe is set on lot of functions (like on all systemcalls). Solution proposed here gives fine-grain locks that performs better on SMP system compared to present kretprobe implementation. Solution: 1) Instead of having one global lock to protect kretprobe instances present in kretprobe object and kretprobe hash table. We will have two locks, one lock for protecting kretprobe hash table and another lock for kretporbe object. 2) We hold lock present in kretprobe object while we modify kretprobe instance in kretprobe object and we hold per-hash-list lock while modifying kretprobe instances present in that hash list. To prevent deadlock, we never grab a per-hash-list lock while holding a kretprobe lock. 3) We can remove used_instances from struct kretprobe, as we can track used instances of kretprobe instances using kretprobe hash table. Time duration for kernel compilation ("make -j 8") on a 8-way ppc64 system with return probes set on all systemcalls looks like this. cacheline non-cacheline Un-patched kernel aligned patch aligned patch =============================================================================== real 9m46.784s 9m54.412s 10m2.450s user 40m5.715s 40m7.142s 40m4.273s sys 2m57.754s 2m58.583s 3m17.430s =========================================================== Time duration for kernel compilation ("make -j 8) on the same system, when kernel is not probed. ========================= real 9m26.389s user 40m8.775s sys 2m7.283s ========================= Signed-off-by: Srinivasa DS <srinivasa@in.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Jim Keniston <jkenisto@us.ibm.com> Acked-by: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-25 08:46:04 +00:00
kretprobe_hash_unlock(current, &flags);
hlist_for_each_entry_safe(ri, node, tmp, &empty_rp, hlist) {
hlist_del(&ri->hlist);
kfree(ri);
}
return (void *)orig_ret_address;
}
void __kprobes arch_prepare_kretprobe(struct kretprobe_instance *ri,
struct pt_regs *regs)
{
ri->ret_addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)regs->ARM_lr;
/* Replace the return addr with trampoline addr. */
regs->ARM_lr = (unsigned long)&kretprobe_trampoline;
}
int __kprobes setjmp_pre_handler(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
struct jprobe *jp = container_of(p, struct jprobe, kp);
struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
long sp_addr = regs->ARM_sp;
kcb->jprobe_saved_regs = *regs;
memcpy(kcb->jprobes_stack, (void *)sp_addr, MIN_STACK_SIZE(sp_addr));
regs->ARM_pc = (long)jp->entry;
regs->ARM_cpsr |= PSR_I_BIT;
preempt_disable();
return 1;
}
void __kprobes jprobe_return(void)
{
struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
__asm__ __volatile__ (
/*
* Setup an empty pt_regs. Fill SP and PC fields as
* they're needed by longjmp_break_handler.
*/
"sub sp, %0, %1 \n\t"
"ldr r0, ="__stringify(JPROBE_MAGIC_ADDR)"\n\t"
"str %0, [sp, %2] \n\t"
"str r0, [sp, %3] \n\t"
"mov r0, sp \n\t"
"bl kprobe_handler \n\t"
/*
* Return to the context saved by setjmp_pre_handler
* and restored by longjmp_break_handler.
*/
"ldr r0, [sp, %4] \n\t"
"msr cpsr_cxsf, r0 \n\t"
"ldmia sp, {r0 - pc} \n\t"
:
: "r" (kcb->jprobe_saved_regs.ARM_sp),
"I" (sizeof(struct pt_regs)),
"J" (offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_sp)),
"J" (offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_pc)),
"J" (offsetof(struct pt_regs, ARM_cpsr))
: "memory", "cc");
}
int __kprobes longjmp_break_handler(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
long stack_addr = kcb->jprobe_saved_regs.ARM_sp;
long orig_sp = regs->ARM_sp;
struct jprobe *jp = container_of(p, struct jprobe, kp);
if (regs->ARM_pc == JPROBE_MAGIC_ADDR) {
if (orig_sp != stack_addr) {
struct pt_regs *saved_regs =
(struct pt_regs *)kcb->jprobe_saved_regs.ARM_sp;
printk("current sp %lx does not match saved sp %lx\n",
orig_sp, stack_addr);
printk("Saved registers for jprobe %p\n", jp);
show_regs(saved_regs);
printk("Current registers\n");
show_regs(regs);
BUG();
}
*regs = kcb->jprobe_saved_regs;
memcpy((void *)stack_addr, kcb->jprobes_stack,
MIN_STACK_SIZE(stack_addr));
preempt_enable_no_resched();
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
int __kprobes arch_trampoline_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
return 0;
}
static struct undef_hook kprobes_break_hook = {
.instr_mask = 0xffffffff,
.instr_val = KPROBE_BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION,
.cpsr_mask = MODE_MASK,
.cpsr_val = SVC_MODE,
.fn = kprobe_trap_handler,
};
int __init arch_init_kprobes()
{
arm_kprobe_decode_init();
register_undef_hook(&kprobes_break_hook);
return 0;
}