linux/drivers/block/brd.c

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rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
/*
* Ram backed block device driver.
*
* Copyright (C) 2007 Nick Piggin
* Copyright (C) 2007 Novell Inc.
*
* Parts derived from drivers/block/rd.c, and drivers/block/loop.c, copyright
* of their respective owners.
*/
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/bio.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
#include <linux/radix-tree.h>
#include <linux/buffer_head.h> /* invalidate_bh_lrus() */
include cleanup: Update gfp.h and slab.h includes to prepare for breaking implicit slab.h inclusion from percpu.h percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies. percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is used as the basis of conversion. http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py The script does the followings. * Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used, gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h. * When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered - alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there doesn't seem to be any matching order. * If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the file. The conversion was done in the following steps. 1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400 files. 2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion, some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added inclusions to around 150 files. 3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits from #2 to make sure no file was left behind. 4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed. e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually. 5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as necessary. 6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h. 7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq). * x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config. * powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig * sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig * ia64 SMP allmodconfig * s390 SMP allmodconfig * alpha SMP allmodconfig * um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig 8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as a separate patch and serve as bisection point. Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step 6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch. If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of the specific arch. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
2010-03-24 08:04:11 +00:00
#include <linux/slab.h>
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#define SECTOR_SHIFT 9
#define PAGE_SECTORS_SHIFT (PAGE_SHIFT - SECTOR_SHIFT)
#define PAGE_SECTORS (1 << PAGE_SECTORS_SHIFT)
/*
* Each block ramdisk device has a radix_tree brd_pages of pages that stores
* the pages containing the block device's contents. A brd page's ->index is
* its offset in PAGE_SIZE units. This is similar to, but in no way connected
* with, the kernel's pagecache or buffer cache (which sit above our block
* device).
*/
struct brd_device {
int brd_number;
struct request_queue *brd_queue;
struct gendisk *brd_disk;
struct list_head brd_list;
/*
* Backing store of pages and lock to protect it. This is the contents
* of the block device.
*/
spinlock_t brd_lock;
struct radix_tree_root brd_pages;
};
/*
* Look up and return a brd's page for a given sector.
*/
static DEFINE_MUTEX(brd_mutex);
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
static struct page *brd_lookup_page(struct brd_device *brd, sector_t sector)
{
pgoff_t idx;
struct page *page;
/*
* The page lifetime is protected by the fact that we have opened the
* device node -- brd pages will never be deleted under us, so we
* don't need any further locking or refcounting.
*
* This is strictly true for the radix-tree nodes as well (ie. we
* don't actually need the rcu_read_lock()), however that is not a
* documented feature of the radix-tree API so it is better to be
* safe here (we don't have total exclusion from radix tree updates
* here, only deletes).
*/
rcu_read_lock();
idx = sector >> PAGE_SECTORS_SHIFT; /* sector to page index */
page = radix_tree_lookup(&brd->brd_pages, idx);
rcu_read_unlock();
BUG_ON(page && page->index != idx);
return page;
}
/*
* Look up and return a brd's page for a given sector.
* If one does not exist, allocate an empty page, and insert that. Then
* return it.
*/
static struct page *brd_insert_page(struct brd_device *brd, sector_t sector)
{
pgoff_t idx;
struct page *page;
gfp_t gfp_flags;
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
page = brd_lookup_page(brd, sector);
if (page)
return page;
/*
* Must use NOIO because we don't want to recurse back into the
* block or filesystem layers from page reclaim.
*
* Cannot support XIP and highmem, because our ->direct_access
* routine for XIP must return memory that is always addressable.
* If XIP was reworked to use pfns and kmap throughout, this
* restriction might be able to be lifted.
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
*/
gfp_flags = GFP_NOIO | __GFP_ZERO;
#ifndef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_XIP
gfp_flags |= __GFP_HIGHMEM;
#endif
page = alloc_page(gfp_flags);
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
if (!page)
return NULL;
if (radix_tree_preload(GFP_NOIO)) {
__free_page(page);
return NULL;
}
spin_lock(&brd->brd_lock);
idx = sector >> PAGE_SECTORS_SHIFT;
if (radix_tree_insert(&brd->brd_pages, idx, page)) {
__free_page(page);
page = radix_tree_lookup(&brd->brd_pages, idx);
BUG_ON(!page);
BUG_ON(page->index != idx);
} else
page->index = idx;
spin_unlock(&brd->brd_lock);
radix_tree_preload_end();
return page;
}
static void brd_free_page(struct brd_device *brd, sector_t sector)
{
struct page *page;
pgoff_t idx;
spin_lock(&brd->brd_lock);
idx = sector >> PAGE_SECTORS_SHIFT;
page = radix_tree_delete(&brd->brd_pages, idx);
spin_unlock(&brd->brd_lock);
if (page)
__free_page(page);
}
static void brd_zero_page(struct brd_device *brd, sector_t sector)
{
struct page *page;
page = brd_lookup_page(brd, sector);
if (page)
clear_highpage(page);
}
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
/*
* Free all backing store pages and radix tree. This must only be called when
* there are no other users of the device.
*/
#define FREE_BATCH 16
static void brd_free_pages(struct brd_device *brd)
{
unsigned long pos = 0;
struct page *pages[FREE_BATCH];
int nr_pages;
do {
int i;
nr_pages = radix_tree_gang_lookup(&brd->brd_pages,
(void **)pages, pos, FREE_BATCH);
for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
void *ret;
BUG_ON(pages[i]->index < pos);
pos = pages[i]->index;
ret = radix_tree_delete(&brd->brd_pages, pos);
BUG_ON(!ret || ret != pages[i]);
__free_page(pages[i]);
}
pos++;
/*
* This assumes radix_tree_gang_lookup always returns as
* many pages as possible. If the radix-tree code changes,
* so will this have to.
*/
} while (nr_pages == FREE_BATCH);
}
/*
* copy_to_brd_setup must be called before copy_to_brd. It may sleep.
*/
static int copy_to_brd_setup(struct brd_device *brd, sector_t sector, size_t n)
{
unsigned int offset = (sector & (PAGE_SECTORS-1)) << SECTOR_SHIFT;
size_t copy;
copy = min_t(size_t, n, PAGE_SIZE - offset);
if (!brd_insert_page(brd, sector))
return -ENOMEM;
if (copy < n) {
sector += copy >> SECTOR_SHIFT;
if (!brd_insert_page(brd, sector))
return -ENOMEM;
}
return 0;
}
static void discard_from_brd(struct brd_device *brd,
sector_t sector, size_t n)
{
while (n >= PAGE_SIZE) {
/*
* Don't want to actually discard pages here because
* re-allocating the pages can result in writeback
* deadlocks under heavy load.
*/
if (0)
brd_free_page(brd, sector);
else
brd_zero_page(brd, sector);
sector += PAGE_SIZE >> SECTOR_SHIFT;
n -= PAGE_SIZE;
}
}
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
/*
* Copy n bytes from src to the brd starting at sector. Does not sleep.
*/
static void copy_to_brd(struct brd_device *brd, const void *src,
sector_t sector, size_t n)
{
struct page *page;
void *dst;
unsigned int offset = (sector & (PAGE_SECTORS-1)) << SECTOR_SHIFT;
size_t copy;
copy = min_t(size_t, n, PAGE_SIZE - offset);
page = brd_lookup_page(brd, sector);
BUG_ON(!page);
dst = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER1);
memcpy(dst + offset, src, copy);
kunmap_atomic(dst, KM_USER1);
if (copy < n) {
src += copy;
sector += copy >> SECTOR_SHIFT;
copy = n - copy;
page = brd_lookup_page(brd, sector);
BUG_ON(!page);
dst = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER1);
memcpy(dst, src, copy);
kunmap_atomic(dst, KM_USER1);
}
}
/*
* Copy n bytes to dst from the brd starting at sector. Does not sleep.
*/
static void copy_from_brd(void *dst, struct brd_device *brd,
sector_t sector, size_t n)
{
struct page *page;
void *src;
unsigned int offset = (sector & (PAGE_SECTORS-1)) << SECTOR_SHIFT;
size_t copy;
copy = min_t(size_t, n, PAGE_SIZE - offset);
page = brd_lookup_page(brd, sector);
if (page) {
src = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER1);
memcpy(dst, src + offset, copy);
kunmap_atomic(src, KM_USER1);
} else
memset(dst, 0, copy);
if (copy < n) {
dst += copy;
sector += copy >> SECTOR_SHIFT;
copy = n - copy;
page = brd_lookup_page(brd, sector);
if (page) {
src = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER1);
memcpy(dst, src, copy);
kunmap_atomic(src, KM_USER1);
} else
memset(dst, 0, copy);
}
}
/*
* Process a single bvec of a bio.
*/
static int brd_do_bvec(struct brd_device *brd, struct page *page,
unsigned int len, unsigned int off, int rw,
sector_t sector)
{
void *mem;
int err = 0;
if (rw != READ) {
err = copy_to_brd_setup(brd, sector, len);
if (err)
goto out;
}
mem = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0);
if (rw == READ) {
copy_from_brd(mem + off, brd, sector, len);
flush_dcache_page(page);
} else {
flush_dcache_page(page);
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
copy_to_brd(brd, mem + off, sector, len);
}
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
kunmap_atomic(mem, KM_USER0);
out:
return err;
}
static int brd_make_request(struct request_queue *q, struct bio *bio)
{
struct block_device *bdev = bio->bi_bdev;
struct brd_device *brd = bdev->bd_disk->private_data;
int rw;
struct bio_vec *bvec;
sector_t sector;
int i;
int err = -EIO;
sector = bio->bi_sector;
if (sector + (bio->bi_size >> SECTOR_SHIFT) >
get_capacity(bdev->bd_disk))
goto out;
if (unlikely(bio->bi_rw & REQ_DISCARD)) {
err = 0;
discard_from_brd(brd, sector, bio->bi_size);
goto out;
}
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
rw = bio_rw(bio);
if (rw == READA)
rw = READ;
bio_for_each_segment(bvec, bio, i) {
unsigned int len = bvec->bv_len;
err = brd_do_bvec(brd, bvec->bv_page, len,
bvec->bv_offset, rw, sector);
if (err)
break;
sector += len >> SECTOR_SHIFT;
}
out:
bio_endio(bio, err);
return 0;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_XIP
static int brd_direct_access(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector,
void **kaddr, unsigned long *pfn)
{
struct brd_device *brd = bdev->bd_disk->private_data;
struct page *page;
if (!brd)
return -ENODEV;
if (sector & (PAGE_SECTORS-1))
return -EINVAL;
if (sector + PAGE_SECTORS > get_capacity(bdev->bd_disk))
return -ERANGE;
page = brd_insert_page(brd, sector);
if (!page)
return -ENOMEM;
*kaddr = page_address(page);
*pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
return 0;
}
#endif
static int brd_ioctl(struct block_device *bdev, fmode_t mode,
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
int error;
struct brd_device *brd = bdev->bd_disk->private_data;
if (cmd != BLKFLSBUF)
return -ENOTTY;
/*
* ram device BLKFLSBUF has special semantics, we want to actually
* release and destroy the ramdisk data.
*/
mutex_lock(&brd_mutex);
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
mutex_lock(&bdev->bd_mutex);
error = -EBUSY;
if (bdev->bd_openers <= 1) {
/*
* Invalidate the cache first, so it isn't written
* back to the device.
*
* Another thread might instantiate more buffercache here,
* but there is not much we can do to close that race.
*/
invalidate_bh_lrus();
truncate_inode_pages(bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping, 0);
brd_free_pages(brd);
error = 0;
}
mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_mutex);
mutex_unlock(&brd_mutex);
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
return error;
}
static const struct block_device_operations brd_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.ioctl = brd_ioctl,
#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_XIP
.direct_access = brd_direct_access,
#endif
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
};
/*
* And now the modules code and kernel interface.
*/
static int rd_nr;
int rd_size = CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM_SIZE;
brd: modify ramdisk device to be able to manage partitions This patch adds partition management for Block RAM Device (BRD). This patch is done to keep in sync BRD and loop device drivers. This patch adds a parameter to the module, max_part, to specify the maximum number of partitions per RAM device. Example: # modprobe brd max_part=63 # ls -l /dev/ram* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 64 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 640 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram10 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 704 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram11 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 768 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram12 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 832 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram13 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 896 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram14 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 960 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram15 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 128 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 192 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram3 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 256 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram4 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 320 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram5 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 384 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram6 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 448 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram7 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 512 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram8 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 576 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram9 # fdisk /dev/ram0 Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): o Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-2, default 1): 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2, default 2): 2 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. # ls -l /dev/ram0* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2008-04-03 13:40 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 1 2008-04-03 13:40 /dev/ram0p1 # mkfs /dev/ram0p1 mke2fs 1.40-WIP (14-Nov-2006) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) 4016 inodes, 16032 blocks 801 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=16515072 2 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2008 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193 Writing inode tables: done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. # mount /dev/ram0p1 /mnt df /mnt Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/ram0p1 15521 138 14582 1% /mnt # ls -l /mnt total 12 drwx------ 2 root root 12288 2008-04-03 13:41 lost+found # umount /mnt # rmmod brd Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <Laurent.Vivier@bull.net> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 07:55:06 +00:00
static int max_part;
static int part_shift;
module_param(rd_nr, int, S_IRUGO);
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
MODULE_PARM_DESC(rd_nr, "Maximum number of brd devices");
module_param(rd_size, int, S_IRUGO);
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
MODULE_PARM_DESC(rd_size, "Size of each RAM disk in kbytes.");
module_param(max_part, int, S_IRUGO);
brd: modify ramdisk device to be able to manage partitions This patch adds partition management for Block RAM Device (BRD). This patch is done to keep in sync BRD and loop device drivers. This patch adds a parameter to the module, max_part, to specify the maximum number of partitions per RAM device. Example: # modprobe brd max_part=63 # ls -l /dev/ram* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 64 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 640 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram10 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 704 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram11 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 768 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram12 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 832 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram13 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 896 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram14 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 960 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram15 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 128 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 192 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram3 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 256 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram4 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 320 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram5 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 384 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram6 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 448 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram7 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 512 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram8 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 576 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram9 # fdisk /dev/ram0 Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): o Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-2, default 1): 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2, default 2): 2 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. # ls -l /dev/ram0* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2008-04-03 13:40 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 1 2008-04-03 13:40 /dev/ram0p1 # mkfs /dev/ram0p1 mke2fs 1.40-WIP (14-Nov-2006) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) 4016 inodes, 16032 blocks 801 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=16515072 2 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2008 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193 Writing inode tables: done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. # mount /dev/ram0p1 /mnt df /mnt Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/ram0p1 15521 138 14582 1% /mnt # ls -l /mnt total 12 drwx------ 2 root root 12288 2008-04-03 13:41 lost+found # umount /mnt # rmmod brd Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <Laurent.Vivier@bull.net> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 07:55:06 +00:00
MODULE_PARM_DESC(max_part, "Maximum number of partitions per RAM disk");
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_ALIAS_BLOCKDEV_MAJOR(RAMDISK_MAJOR);
MODULE_ALIAS("rd");
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
#ifndef MODULE
/* Legacy boot options - nonmodular */
static int __init ramdisk_size(char *str)
{
rd_size = simple_strtol(str, NULL, 0);
return 1;
}
__setup("ramdisk_size=", ramdisk_size);
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
#endif
/*
* The device scheme is derived from loop.c. Keep them in synch where possible
* (should share code eventually).
*/
static LIST_HEAD(brd_devices);
static DEFINE_MUTEX(brd_devices_mutex);
static struct brd_device *brd_alloc(int i)
{
struct brd_device *brd;
struct gendisk *disk;
brd = kzalloc(sizeof(*brd), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!brd)
goto out;
brd->brd_number = i;
spin_lock_init(&brd->brd_lock);
INIT_RADIX_TREE(&brd->brd_pages, GFP_ATOMIC);
brd->brd_queue = blk_alloc_queue(GFP_KERNEL);
if (!brd->brd_queue)
goto out_free_dev;
blk_queue_make_request(brd->brd_queue, brd_make_request);
blk_queue_max_hw_sectors(brd->brd_queue, 1024);
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
blk_queue_bounce_limit(brd->brd_queue, BLK_BOUNCE_ANY);
brd->brd_queue->limits.discard_granularity = PAGE_SIZE;
brd->brd_queue->limits.max_discard_sectors = UINT_MAX;
brd->brd_queue->limits.discard_zeroes_data = 1;
queue_flag_set_unlocked(QUEUE_FLAG_DISCARD, brd->brd_queue);
brd: modify ramdisk device to be able to manage partitions This patch adds partition management for Block RAM Device (BRD). This patch is done to keep in sync BRD and loop device drivers. This patch adds a parameter to the module, max_part, to specify the maximum number of partitions per RAM device. Example: # modprobe brd max_part=63 # ls -l /dev/ram* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 64 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 640 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram10 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 704 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram11 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 768 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram12 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 832 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram13 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 896 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram14 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 960 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram15 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 128 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 192 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram3 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 256 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram4 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 320 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram5 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 384 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram6 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 448 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram7 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 512 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram8 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 576 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram9 # fdisk /dev/ram0 Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): o Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-2, default 1): 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2, default 2): 2 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. # ls -l /dev/ram0* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2008-04-03 13:40 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 1 2008-04-03 13:40 /dev/ram0p1 # mkfs /dev/ram0p1 mke2fs 1.40-WIP (14-Nov-2006) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) 4016 inodes, 16032 blocks 801 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=16515072 2 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2008 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193 Writing inode tables: done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. # mount /dev/ram0p1 /mnt df /mnt Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/ram0p1 15521 138 14582 1% /mnt # ls -l /mnt total 12 drwx------ 2 root root 12288 2008-04-03 13:41 lost+found # umount /mnt # rmmod brd Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <Laurent.Vivier@bull.net> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 07:55:06 +00:00
disk = brd->brd_disk = alloc_disk(1 << part_shift);
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
if (!disk)
goto out_free_queue;
disk->major = RAMDISK_MAJOR;
brd: modify ramdisk device to be able to manage partitions This patch adds partition management for Block RAM Device (BRD). This patch is done to keep in sync BRD and loop device drivers. This patch adds a parameter to the module, max_part, to specify the maximum number of partitions per RAM device. Example: # modprobe brd max_part=63 # ls -l /dev/ram* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 64 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 640 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram10 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 704 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram11 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 768 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram12 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 832 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram13 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 896 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram14 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 960 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram15 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 128 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 192 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram3 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 256 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram4 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 320 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram5 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 384 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram6 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 448 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram7 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 512 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram8 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 576 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram9 # fdisk /dev/ram0 Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): o Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-2, default 1): 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2, default 2): 2 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. # ls -l /dev/ram0* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2008-04-03 13:40 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 1 2008-04-03 13:40 /dev/ram0p1 # mkfs /dev/ram0p1 mke2fs 1.40-WIP (14-Nov-2006) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) 4016 inodes, 16032 blocks 801 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=16515072 2 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2008 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193 Writing inode tables: done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. # mount /dev/ram0p1 /mnt df /mnt Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/ram0p1 15521 138 14582 1% /mnt # ls -l /mnt total 12 drwx------ 2 root root 12288 2008-04-03 13:41 lost+found # umount /mnt # rmmod brd Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <Laurent.Vivier@bull.net> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 07:55:06 +00:00
disk->first_minor = i << part_shift;
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
disk->fops = &brd_fops;
disk->private_data = brd;
disk->queue = brd->brd_queue;
brd: don't show ramdisks in /proc/partitions In 2.6.25, ramdisk devices show up in /proc/partitions, which is a behaviour change from the old rd.c. Add GENHD_FL_SUPPRESS_PARTITION_INFO, which was present in rd.c. All kernels prior to 2.6.25 weren't displaying ramdisks in /proc/partitions. Since there are many userspace tools using information from /proc/partitions some of them may now behave incorrectly (I didn't tested any though). For example before 2.6.25 /proc/partitions was empty if no block devices like hard disks and such were detected by kernel. Now all 16 ramdisks are always visible there. Some software may rely on such information (I mean, on empty /proc/partitions). There was quite similar situation back in 2004, and ramdisks were excluded back from displaying. Thats why I called this a regression (maybe a bit unfortunate). See this patch for info: http://kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/akpm/patches/2.6/2.6.3-rc2/2.6.3-rc2-mm1/broken-out/nbd-proc-partitions-fix.patch I also think that someone somewhere (long time ago) excluded ramdisks from /proc/partitions for good reasons. It is possible that now such new "feature" is harmless, but I think there are more chances that someone will say "hey, /proc/partitions has changed, now my software doesn't work" then "hey where did my new 2.6.25 feature go". nbd devices are also excluded, maybe for very same (unknown to me) reasons. Signed-off-by: Marcin Krol <hawk@pld-linux.org> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-05-23 20:04:46 +00:00
disk->flags |= GENHD_FL_SUPPRESS_PARTITION_INFO;
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
sprintf(disk->disk_name, "ram%d", i);
set_capacity(disk, rd_size * 2);
return brd;
out_free_queue:
blk_cleanup_queue(brd->brd_queue);
out_free_dev:
kfree(brd);
out:
return NULL;
}
static void brd_free(struct brd_device *brd)
{
put_disk(brd->brd_disk);
blk_cleanup_queue(brd->brd_queue);
brd_free_pages(brd);
kfree(brd);
}
static struct brd_device *brd_init_one(int i)
{
struct brd_device *brd;
list_for_each_entry(brd, &brd_devices, brd_list) {
if (brd->brd_number == i)
goto out;
}
brd = brd_alloc(i);
if (brd) {
add_disk(brd->brd_disk);
list_add_tail(&brd->brd_list, &brd_devices);
}
out:
return brd;
}
static void brd_del_one(struct brd_device *brd)
{
list_del(&brd->brd_list);
del_gendisk(brd->brd_disk);
brd_free(brd);
}
static struct kobject *brd_probe(dev_t dev, int *part, void *data)
{
struct brd_device *brd;
struct kobject *kobj;
mutex_lock(&brd_devices_mutex);
brd: handle on-demand devices correctly When finding or allocating a ram disk device, brd_probe() did not take partition numbers into account so that it can result to a different device. Consider following example (I set CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM_COUNT=4 for simplicity) : $ sudo modprobe brd max_part=15 $ ls -l /dev/ram* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 16 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 32 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 48 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram3 $ sudo mknod /dev/ram4 b 1 64 $ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram4 bs=4k count=256 256+0 records in 256+0 records out 1048576 bytes (1.0 MB) copied, 0.00215578 s, 486 MB/s namhyung@leonhard:linux$ ls -l /dev/ram* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 16 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 32 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 48 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram3 brw-r--r-- 1 root root 1, 64 2011-05-25 15:45 /dev/ram4 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 1024 2011-05-25 15:44 /dev/ram64 After this patch, /dev/ram4 - instead of /dev/ram64 - was accessed correctly. In addition, 'range' passed to blk_register_region() should include all range of dev_t that RAMDISK_MAJOR can address. It does not need to be limited by partition numbers unless 'rd_nr' param was specified. Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Cc: Laurent Vivier <Laurent.Vivier@bull.net> Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2011-05-26 19:06:50 +00:00
brd = brd_init_one(MINOR(dev) >> part_shift);
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
kobj = brd ? get_disk(brd->brd_disk) : ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
mutex_unlock(&brd_devices_mutex);
*part = 0;
return kobj;
}
static int __init brd_init(void)
{
int i, nr;
unsigned long range;
struct brd_device *brd, *next;
/*
* brd module now has a feature to instantiate underlying device
* structure on-demand, provided that there is an access dev node.
* However, this will not work well with user space tool that doesn't
* know about such "feature". In order to not break any existing
* tool, we do the following:
*
* (1) if rd_nr is specified, create that many upfront, and this
* also becomes a hard limit.
* (2) if rd_nr is not specified, create CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM_COUNT
* (default 16) rd device on module load, user can further
* extend brd device by create dev node themselves and have
* kernel automatically instantiate actual device on-demand.
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
*/
brd: modify ramdisk device to be able to manage partitions This patch adds partition management for Block RAM Device (BRD). This patch is done to keep in sync BRD and loop device drivers. This patch adds a parameter to the module, max_part, to specify the maximum number of partitions per RAM device. Example: # modprobe brd max_part=63 # ls -l /dev/ram* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 64 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 640 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram10 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 704 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram11 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 768 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram12 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 832 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram13 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 896 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram14 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 960 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram15 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 128 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 192 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram3 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 256 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram4 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 320 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram5 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 384 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram6 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 448 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram7 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 512 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram8 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 576 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram9 # fdisk /dev/ram0 Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): o Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-2, default 1): 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2, default 2): 2 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. # ls -l /dev/ram0* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2008-04-03 13:40 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 1 2008-04-03 13:40 /dev/ram0p1 # mkfs /dev/ram0p1 mke2fs 1.40-WIP (14-Nov-2006) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) 4016 inodes, 16032 blocks 801 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=16515072 2 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2008 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193 Writing inode tables: done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. # mount /dev/ram0p1 /mnt df /mnt Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/ram0p1 15521 138 14582 1% /mnt # ls -l /mnt total 12 drwx------ 2 root root 12288 2008-04-03 13:41 lost+found # umount /mnt # rmmod brd Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <Laurent.Vivier@bull.net> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 07:55:06 +00:00
part_shift = 0;
if (max_part > 0) {
brd: modify ramdisk device to be able to manage partitions This patch adds partition management for Block RAM Device (BRD). This patch is done to keep in sync BRD and loop device drivers. This patch adds a parameter to the module, max_part, to specify the maximum number of partitions per RAM device. Example: # modprobe brd max_part=63 # ls -l /dev/ram* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 64 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 640 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram10 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 704 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram11 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 768 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram12 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 832 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram13 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 896 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram14 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 960 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram15 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 128 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 192 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram3 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 256 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram4 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 320 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram5 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 384 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram6 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 448 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram7 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 512 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram8 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 576 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram9 # fdisk /dev/ram0 Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): o Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-2, default 1): 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2, default 2): 2 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. # ls -l /dev/ram0* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2008-04-03 13:40 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 1 2008-04-03 13:40 /dev/ram0p1 # mkfs /dev/ram0p1 mke2fs 1.40-WIP (14-Nov-2006) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) 4016 inodes, 16032 blocks 801 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=16515072 2 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2008 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193 Writing inode tables: done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. # mount /dev/ram0p1 /mnt df /mnt Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/ram0p1 15521 138 14582 1% /mnt # ls -l /mnt total 12 drwx------ 2 root root 12288 2008-04-03 13:41 lost+found # umount /mnt # rmmod brd Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <Laurent.Vivier@bull.net> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 07:55:06 +00:00
part_shift = fls(max_part);
/*
* Adjust max_part according to part_shift as it is exported
* to user space so that user can decide correct minor number
* if [s]he want to create more devices.
*
* Note that -1 is required because partition 0 is reserved
* for the whole disk.
*/
max_part = (1UL << part_shift) - 1;
}
brd: limit 'max_part' module param to DISK_MAX_PARTS The 'max_part' parameter controls the number of maximum partition a brd device can have. However if a user specifies very large value it would exceed the limitation of device minor number and can cause a kernel panic (or, at least, produce invalid device nodes in some cases). On my desktop system, following command kills the kernel. On qemu, it triggers similar oops but the kernel was alive: $ sudo modprobe brd max_part=100000 BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000058 IP: [<ffffffff81110a9a>] sysfs_create_dir+0x2d/0xae PGD 7af1067 PUD 7b19067 PMD 0 Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP last sysfs file: CPU 0 Modules linked in: brd(+) Pid: 44, comm: insmod Tainted: G W 2.6.39-qemu+ #158 Bochs Bochs RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff81110a9a>] [<ffffffff81110a9a>] sysfs_create_dir+0x2d/0xae RSP: 0018:ffff880007b15d78 EFLAGS: 00000286 RAX: ffff880007b05478 RBX: ffff880007a52760 RCX: ffff880007b15dc8 RDX: ffff880007a4f900 RSI: ffff880007b15e48 RDI: ffff880007a52760 RBP: ffff880007b15da8 R08: 0000000000000002 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: ffff880007b15e48 R11: ffff880007b05478 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: ffff880007b05478 R14: 0000000000400920 R15: 0000000000000063 FS: 0000000002160880(0063) GS:ffff880007c00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 0000000000000058 CR3: 0000000007b1c000 CR4: 00000000000006b0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 0000000000000000 DR7: 0000000000000000 Process insmod (pid: 44, threadinfo ffff880007b14000, task ffff880007acb980) Stack: ffff880007b15dc8 ffff880007b05478 ffff880007b15da8 00000000fffffffe ffff880007a52760 ffff880007b05478 ffff880007b15de8 ffffffff81143c0a 0000000000400920 ffff880007a52760 ffff880007b05478 0000000000000000 Call Trace: [<ffffffff81143c0a>] kobject_add_internal+0xdf/0x1a0 [<ffffffff81143da1>] kobject_add_varg+0x41/0x50 [<ffffffff81143e6b>] kobject_add+0x64/0x66 [<ffffffff8113bbe7>] blk_register_queue+0x5f/0xb8 [<ffffffff81140f72>] add_disk+0xdf/0x289 [<ffffffffa00040df>] brd_init+0xdf/0x1aa [brd] [<ffffffffa0004000>] ? 0xffffffffa0003fff [<ffffffffa0004000>] ? 0xffffffffa0003fff [<ffffffff8100020a>] do_one_initcall+0x7a/0x12e [<ffffffff8108516c>] sys_init_module+0x9c/0x1dc [<ffffffff812ff4bb>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b Code: 89 e5 41 55 41 54 53 48 89 fb 48 83 ec 18 48 85 ff 75 04 0f 0b eb fe 48 8b 47 18 49 c7 c4 70 1e 4d 81 48 85 c0 74 04 4c 8b 60 30 8b 44 24 58 45 31 ed 0f b6 c4 85 c0 74 0d 48 8b 43 28 48 89 RIP [<ffffffff81110a9a>] sysfs_create_dir+0x2d/0xae RSP <ffff880007b15d78> CR2: 0000000000000058 ---[ end trace aebb1175ce1f6739 ]--- Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Cc: Laurent Vivier <Laurent.Vivier@bull.net> Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2011-05-26 19:06:50 +00:00
if ((1UL << part_shift) > DISK_MAX_PARTS)
return -EINVAL;
brd: modify ramdisk device to be able to manage partitions This patch adds partition management for Block RAM Device (BRD). This patch is done to keep in sync BRD and loop device drivers. This patch adds a parameter to the module, max_part, to specify the maximum number of partitions per RAM device. Example: # modprobe brd max_part=63 # ls -l /dev/ram* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 64 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 640 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram10 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 704 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram11 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 768 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram12 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 832 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram13 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 896 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram14 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 960 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram15 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 128 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 192 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram3 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 256 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram4 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 320 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram5 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 384 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram6 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 448 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram7 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 512 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram8 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 576 2008-04-03 13:39 /dev/ram9 # fdisk /dev/ram0 Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): o Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-2, default 1): 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2, default 2): 2 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. # ls -l /dev/ram0* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2008-04-03 13:40 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 1 2008-04-03 13:40 /dev/ram0p1 # mkfs /dev/ram0p1 mke2fs 1.40-WIP (14-Nov-2006) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) 4016 inodes, 16032 blocks 801 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=16515072 2 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2008 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193 Writing inode tables: done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. # mount /dev/ram0p1 /mnt df /mnt Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/ram0p1 15521 138 14582 1% /mnt # ls -l /mnt total 12 drwx------ 2 root root 12288 2008-04-03 13:41 lost+found # umount /mnt # rmmod brd Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <Laurent.Vivier@bull.net> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 07:55:06 +00:00
if (rd_nr > 1UL << (MINORBITS - part_shift))
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
return -EINVAL;
if (rd_nr) {
nr = rd_nr;
brd: handle on-demand devices correctly When finding or allocating a ram disk device, brd_probe() did not take partition numbers into account so that it can result to a different device. Consider following example (I set CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM_COUNT=4 for simplicity) : $ sudo modprobe brd max_part=15 $ ls -l /dev/ram* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 16 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 32 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 48 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram3 $ sudo mknod /dev/ram4 b 1 64 $ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram4 bs=4k count=256 256+0 records in 256+0 records out 1048576 bytes (1.0 MB) copied, 0.00215578 s, 486 MB/s namhyung@leonhard:linux$ ls -l /dev/ram* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 16 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 32 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 48 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram3 brw-r--r-- 1 root root 1, 64 2011-05-25 15:45 /dev/ram4 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 1024 2011-05-25 15:44 /dev/ram64 After this patch, /dev/ram4 - instead of /dev/ram64 - was accessed correctly. In addition, 'range' passed to blk_register_region() should include all range of dev_t that RAMDISK_MAJOR can address. It does not need to be limited by partition numbers unless 'rd_nr' param was specified. Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Cc: Laurent Vivier <Laurent.Vivier@bull.net> Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2011-05-26 19:06:50 +00:00
range = rd_nr << part_shift;
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
} else {
nr = CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM_COUNT;
brd: handle on-demand devices correctly When finding or allocating a ram disk device, brd_probe() did not take partition numbers into account so that it can result to a different device. Consider following example (I set CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM_COUNT=4 for simplicity) : $ sudo modprobe brd max_part=15 $ ls -l /dev/ram* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 16 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 32 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 48 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram3 $ sudo mknod /dev/ram4 b 1 64 $ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram4 bs=4k count=256 256+0 records in 256+0 records out 1048576 bytes (1.0 MB) copied, 0.00215578 s, 486 MB/s namhyung@leonhard:linux$ ls -l /dev/ram* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 16 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 32 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 48 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram3 brw-r--r-- 1 root root 1, 64 2011-05-25 15:45 /dev/ram4 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 1024 2011-05-25 15:44 /dev/ram64 After this patch, /dev/ram4 - instead of /dev/ram64 - was accessed correctly. In addition, 'range' passed to blk_register_region() should include all range of dev_t that RAMDISK_MAJOR can address. It does not need to be limited by partition numbers unless 'rd_nr' param was specified. Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Cc: Laurent Vivier <Laurent.Vivier@bull.net> Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2011-05-26 19:06:50 +00:00
range = 1UL << MINORBITS;
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
}
if (register_blkdev(RAMDISK_MAJOR, "ramdisk"))
return -EIO;
for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
brd = brd_alloc(i);
if (!brd)
goto out_free;
list_add_tail(&brd->brd_list, &brd_devices);
}
/* point of no return */
list_for_each_entry(brd, &brd_devices, brd_list)
add_disk(brd->brd_disk);
blk_register_region(MKDEV(RAMDISK_MAJOR, 0), range,
THIS_MODULE, brd_probe, NULL, NULL);
printk(KERN_INFO "brd: module loaded\n");
return 0;
out_free:
list_for_each_entry_safe(brd, next, &brd_devices, brd_list) {
list_del(&brd->brd_list);
brd_free(brd);
}
unregister_blkdev(RAMDISK_MAJOR, "ramdisk");
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
return -ENOMEM;
}
static void __exit brd_exit(void)
{
unsigned long range;
struct brd_device *brd, *next;
brd: handle on-demand devices correctly When finding or allocating a ram disk device, brd_probe() did not take partition numbers into account so that it can result to a different device. Consider following example (I set CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM_COUNT=4 for simplicity) : $ sudo modprobe brd max_part=15 $ ls -l /dev/ram* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 16 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 32 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 48 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram3 $ sudo mknod /dev/ram4 b 1 64 $ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram4 bs=4k count=256 256+0 records in 256+0 records out 1048576 bytes (1.0 MB) copied, 0.00215578 s, 486 MB/s namhyung@leonhard:linux$ ls -l /dev/ram* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 16 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 32 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 48 2011-05-25 15:41 /dev/ram3 brw-r--r-- 1 root root 1, 64 2011-05-25 15:45 /dev/ram4 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 1024 2011-05-25 15:44 /dev/ram64 After this patch, /dev/ram4 - instead of /dev/ram64 - was accessed correctly. In addition, 'range' passed to blk_register_region() should include all range of dev_t that RAMDISK_MAJOR can address. It does not need to be limited by partition numbers unless 'rd_nr' param was specified. Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Cc: Laurent Vivier <Laurent.Vivier@bull.net> Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2011-05-26 19:06:50 +00:00
range = rd_nr ? rd_nr << part_shift : 1UL << MINORBITS;
rewrite rd This is a rewrite of the ramdisk block device driver. The old one is really difficult because it effectively implements a block device which serves data out of its own buffer cache. It relies on the dirty bit being set, to pin its backing store in cache, however there are non trivial paths which can clear the dirty bit (eg. try_to_free_buffers()), which had recently lead to data corruption. And in general it is completely wrong for a block device driver to do this. The new one is more like a regular block device driver. It has no idea about vm/vfs stuff. It's backing store is similar to the buffer cache (a simple radix-tree of pages), but it doesn't know anything about page cache (the pages in the radix tree are not pagecache pages). There is one slight downside -- direct block device access and filesystem metadata access goes through an extra copy and gets stored in RAM twice. However, this downside is only slight, because the real buffercache of the device is now reclaimable (because we're not playing crazy games with it), so under memory intensive situations, footprint should effectively be the same -- maybe even a slight advantage to the new driver because it can also reclaim buffer heads. The fact that it now goes through all the regular vm/fs paths makes it much more useful for testing, too. text data bss dec hex filename 2837 849 384 4070 fe6 drivers/block/rd.o 3528 371 12 3911 f47 drivers/block/brd.o Text is larger, but data and bss are smaller, making total size smaller. A few other nice things about it: - Similar structure and layout to the new loop device handlinag. - Dynamic ramdisk creation. - Runtime flexible buffer head size (because it is no longer part of the ramdisk code). - Boot / load time flexible ramdisk size, which could easily be extended to a per-ramdisk runtime changeable size (eg. with an ioctl). - Can use highmem for the backing store. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [byron.bbradley@gmail.com: make rd_size non-static] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08 12:19:49 +00:00
list_for_each_entry_safe(brd, next, &brd_devices, brd_list)
brd_del_one(brd);
blk_unregister_region(MKDEV(RAMDISK_MAJOR, 0), range);
unregister_blkdev(RAMDISK_MAJOR, "ramdisk");
}
module_init(brd_init);
module_exit(brd_exit);