443 lines
16 KiB
Rust
443 lines
16 KiB
Rust
// Copyright 2013-2016 The rust-url developers.
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//
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// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
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// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
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// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
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// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
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// except according to those terms.
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//! URLs use special chacters to indicate the parts of the request. For example, a forward slash
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//! indicates a path. In order for that charcter to exist outside of a path separator, that
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//! charcter would need to be encoded.
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//!
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//! Percent encoding replaces reserved charcters with the `%` escape charcter followed by hexidecimal
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//! ASCII representaton. For non-ASCII charcters that are percent encoded, a UTF-8 byte sequence
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//! becomes percent encoded. A simple example can be seen when the space literal is replaced with
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//! `%20`.
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//!
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//! Percent encoding is further complicated by the fact that different parts of an URL have
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//! different encoding requirements. In order to support the variety of encoding requirements,
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//! `url::percent_encoding` includes different *encode sets*.
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//! See [URL Standard](https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#percent-encoded-bytes) for details.
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//!
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//! This module provides some `*_ENCODE_SET` constants.
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//! If a different set is required, it can be created with
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//! the [`define_encode_set!`](../macro.define_encode_set!.html) macro.
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//!
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//! # Examples
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//!
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//! ```
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//! use url::percent_encoding::{utf8_percent_encode, DEFAULT_ENCODE_SET};
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//!
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//! assert_eq!(utf8_percent_encode("foo bar?", DEFAULT_ENCODE_SET).to_string(), "foo%20bar%3F");
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//! ```
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use std::ascii::AsciiExt;
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use std::borrow::Cow;
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use std::fmt;
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use std::slice;
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use std::str;
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/// Represents a set of characters / bytes that should be percent-encoded.
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///
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/// See [encode sets specification](http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#simple-encode-set).
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///
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/// Different characters need to be encoded in different parts of an URL.
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/// For example, a literal `?` question mark in an URL’s path would indicate
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/// the start of the query string.
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/// A question mark meant to be part of the path therefore needs to be percent-encoded.
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/// In the query string however, a question mark does not have any special meaning
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/// and does not need to be percent-encoded.
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///
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/// A few sets are defined in this module.
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/// Use the [`define_encode_set!`](../macro.define_encode_set!.html) macro to define different ones.
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pub trait EncodeSet: Clone {
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/// Called with UTF-8 bytes rather than code points.
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/// Should return true for all non-ASCII bytes.
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fn contains(&self, byte: u8) -> bool;
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}
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/// Define a new struct
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/// that implements the [`EncodeSet`](percent_encoding/trait.EncodeSet.html) trait,
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/// for use in [`percent_decode()`](percent_encoding/fn.percent_encode.html)
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/// and related functions.
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///
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/// Parameters are characters to include in the set in addition to those of the base set.
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/// See [encode sets specification](http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#simple-encode-set).
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///
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/// Example
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/// =======
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///
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/// ```rust
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/// #[macro_use] extern crate percent_encoding;
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/// use percent_encoding::{utf8_percent_encode, SIMPLE_ENCODE_SET};
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/// define_encode_set! {
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/// /// This encode set is used in the URL parser for query strings.
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/// pub QUERY_ENCODE_SET = [SIMPLE_ENCODE_SET] | {' ', '"', '#', '<', '>'}
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/// }
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/// # fn main() {
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/// assert_eq!(utf8_percent_encode("foo bar", QUERY_ENCODE_SET).collect::<String>(), "foo%20bar");
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/// # }
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/// ```
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#[macro_export]
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macro_rules! define_encode_set {
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($(#[$attr: meta])* pub $name: ident = [$base_set: expr] | {$($ch: pat),*}) => {
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$(#[$attr])*
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#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
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#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
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pub struct $name;
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impl $crate::EncodeSet for $name {
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#[inline]
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fn contains(&self, byte: u8) -> bool {
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match byte as char {
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$(
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$ch => true,
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)*
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_ => $base_set.contains(byte)
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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/// This encode set is used for the path of cannot-be-a-base URLs.
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///
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/// All ASCII charcters less than hexidecimal 20 and greater than 7E are encoded. This includes
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/// special charcters such as line feed, carriage return, NULL, etc.
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#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
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#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
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pub struct SIMPLE_ENCODE_SET;
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impl EncodeSet for SIMPLE_ENCODE_SET {
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#[inline]
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fn contains(&self, byte: u8) -> bool {
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byte < 0x20 || byte > 0x7E
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}
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}
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define_encode_set! {
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/// This encode set is used in the URL parser for query strings.
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///
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/// Aside from special chacters defined in the [`SIMPLE_ENCODE_SET`](struct.SIMPLE_ENCODE_SET.html),
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/// space, double quote ("), hash (#), and inequality qualifiers (<), (>) are encoded.
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pub QUERY_ENCODE_SET = [SIMPLE_ENCODE_SET] | {' ', '"', '#', '<', '>'}
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}
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define_encode_set! {
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/// This encode set is used for path components.
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///
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/// Aside from special chacters defined in the [`SIMPLE_ENCODE_SET`](struct.SIMPLE_ENCODE_SET.html),
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/// space, double quote ("), hash (#), inequality qualifiers (<), (>), backtick (`),
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/// question mark (?), and curly brackets ({), (}) are encoded.
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pub DEFAULT_ENCODE_SET = [QUERY_ENCODE_SET] | {'`', '?', '{', '}'}
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}
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define_encode_set! {
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/// This encode set is used for on '/'-separated path segment
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///
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/// Aside from special chacters defined in the [`SIMPLE_ENCODE_SET`](struct.SIMPLE_ENCODE_SET.html),
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/// space, double quote ("), hash (#), inequality qualifiers (<), (>), backtick (`),
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/// question mark (?), and curly brackets ({), (}), percent sign (%), forward slash (/) are
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/// encoded.
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pub PATH_SEGMENT_ENCODE_SET = [DEFAULT_ENCODE_SET] | {'%', '/'}
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}
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define_encode_set! {
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/// This encode set is used for username and password.
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///
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/// Aside from special chacters defined in the [`SIMPLE_ENCODE_SET`](struct.SIMPLE_ENCODE_SET.html),
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/// space, double quote ("), hash (#), inequality qualifiers (<), (>), backtick (`),
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/// question mark (?), and curly brackets ({), (}), forward slash (/), colon (:), semi-colon (;),
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/// equality (=), at (@), backslash (\\), square brackets ([), (]), caret (\^), and pipe (|) are
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/// encoded.
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pub USERINFO_ENCODE_SET = [DEFAULT_ENCODE_SET] | {
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'/', ':', ';', '=', '@', '[', '\\', ']', '^', '|'
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}
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}
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/// Return the percent-encoding of the given bytes.
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///
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/// This is unconditional, unlike `percent_encode()` which uses an encode set.
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///
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/// # Examples
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///
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/// ```
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/// use url::percent_encoding::percent_encode_byte;
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///
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/// assert_eq!("foo bar".bytes().map(percent_encode_byte).collect::<String>(),
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/// "%66%6F%6F%20%62%61%72");
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/// ```
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pub fn percent_encode_byte(byte: u8) -> &'static str {
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let index = usize::from(byte) * 3;
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&"\
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%00%01%02%03%04%05%06%07%08%09%0A%0B%0C%0D%0E%0F\
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%10%11%12%13%14%15%16%17%18%19%1A%1B%1C%1D%1E%1F\
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%20%21%22%23%24%25%26%27%28%29%2A%2B%2C%2D%2E%2F\
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%30%31%32%33%34%35%36%37%38%39%3A%3B%3C%3D%3E%3F\
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%40%41%42%43%44%45%46%47%48%49%4A%4B%4C%4D%4E%4F\
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%50%51%52%53%54%55%56%57%58%59%5A%5B%5C%5D%5E%5F\
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%60%61%62%63%64%65%66%67%68%69%6A%6B%6C%6D%6E%6F\
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%70%71%72%73%74%75%76%77%78%79%7A%7B%7C%7D%7E%7F\
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%80%81%82%83%84%85%86%87%88%89%8A%8B%8C%8D%8E%8F\
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%90%91%92%93%94%95%96%97%98%99%9A%9B%9C%9D%9E%9F\
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%A0%A1%A2%A3%A4%A5%A6%A7%A8%A9%AA%AB%AC%AD%AE%AF\
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%B0%B1%B2%B3%B4%B5%B6%B7%B8%B9%BA%BB%BC%BD%BE%BF\
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%C0%C1%C2%C3%C4%C5%C6%C7%C8%C9%CA%CB%CC%CD%CE%CF\
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%D0%D1%D2%D3%D4%D5%D6%D7%D8%D9%DA%DB%DC%DD%DE%DF\
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%E0%E1%E2%E3%E4%E5%E6%E7%E8%E9%EA%EB%EC%ED%EE%EF\
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%F0%F1%F2%F3%F4%F5%F6%F7%F8%F9%FA%FB%FC%FD%FE%FF\
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"[index..index + 3]
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}
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/// Percent-encode the given bytes with the given encode set.
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///
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/// The encode set define which bytes (in addition to non-ASCII and controls)
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/// need to be percent-encoded.
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/// The choice of this set depends on context.
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/// For example, `?` needs to be encoded in an URL path but not in a query string.
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///
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/// The return value is an iterator of `&str` slices (so it has a `.collect::<String>()` method)
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/// that also implements `Display` and `Into<Cow<str>>`.
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/// The latter returns `Cow::Borrowed` when none of the bytes in `input`
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/// are in the given encode set.
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///
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/// # Examples
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///
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/// ```
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/// use url::percent_encoding::{percent_encode, DEFAULT_ENCODE_SET};
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///
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/// assert_eq!(percent_encode(b"foo bar?", DEFAULT_ENCODE_SET).to_string(), "foo%20bar%3F");
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/// ```
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#[inline]
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pub fn percent_encode<E: EncodeSet>(input: &[u8], encode_set: E) -> PercentEncode<E> {
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PercentEncode {
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bytes: input,
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encode_set: encode_set,
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}
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}
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/// Percent-encode the UTF-8 encoding of the given string.
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///
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/// See `percent_encode()` for how to use the return value.
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///
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/// # Examples
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///
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/// ```
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/// use url::percent_encoding::{utf8_percent_encode, DEFAULT_ENCODE_SET};
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///
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/// assert_eq!(utf8_percent_encode("foo bar?", DEFAULT_ENCODE_SET).to_string(), "foo%20bar%3F");
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/// ```
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#[inline]
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pub fn utf8_percent_encode<E: EncodeSet>(input: &str, encode_set: E) -> PercentEncode<E> {
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percent_encode(input.as_bytes(), encode_set)
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}
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/// The return type of `percent_encode()` and `utf8_percent_encode()`.
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#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
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pub struct PercentEncode<'a, E: EncodeSet> {
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bytes: &'a [u8],
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encode_set: E,
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}
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impl<'a, E: EncodeSet> Iterator for PercentEncode<'a, E> {
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type Item = &'a str;
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fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a str> {
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if let Some((&first_byte, remaining)) = self.bytes.split_first() {
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if self.encode_set.contains(first_byte) {
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self.bytes = remaining;
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Some(percent_encode_byte(first_byte))
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} else {
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assert!(first_byte.is_ascii());
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for (i, &byte) in remaining.iter().enumerate() {
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if self.encode_set.contains(byte) {
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// 1 for first_byte + i for previous iterations of this loop
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let (unchanged_slice, remaining) = self.bytes.split_at(1 + i);
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self.bytes = remaining;
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return Some(unsafe { str::from_utf8_unchecked(unchanged_slice) })
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} else {
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assert!(byte.is_ascii());
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}
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}
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let unchanged_slice = self.bytes;
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self.bytes = &[][..];
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Some(unsafe { str::from_utf8_unchecked(unchanged_slice) })
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}
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} else {
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None
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}
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}
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fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
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if self.bytes.is_empty() {
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(0, Some(0))
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} else {
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(1, Some(self.bytes.len()))
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}
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}
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}
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impl<'a, E: EncodeSet> fmt::Display for PercentEncode<'a, E> {
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fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
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for c in (*self).clone() {
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formatter.write_str(c)?
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}
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Ok(())
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}
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}
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impl<'a, E: EncodeSet> From<PercentEncode<'a, E>> for Cow<'a, str> {
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fn from(mut iter: PercentEncode<'a, E>) -> Self {
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match iter.next() {
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None => "".into(),
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Some(first) => {
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match iter.next() {
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None => first.into(),
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Some(second) => {
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let mut string = first.to_owned();
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string.push_str(second);
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string.extend(iter);
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string.into()
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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/// Percent-decode the given bytes.
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///
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/// The return value is an iterator of decoded `u8` bytes
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/// that also implements `Into<Cow<u8>>`
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/// (which returns `Cow::Borrowed` when `input` contains no percent-encoded sequence)
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/// and has `decode_utf8()` and `decode_utf8_lossy()` methods.
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///
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/// # Examples
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///
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/// ```
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/// use url::percent_encoding::percent_decode;
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///
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/// assert_eq!(percent_decode(b"foo%20bar%3F").decode_utf8().unwrap(), "foo bar?");
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/// ```
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#[inline]
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pub fn percent_decode(input: &[u8]) -> PercentDecode {
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PercentDecode {
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bytes: input.iter()
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}
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}
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/// The return type of `percent_decode()`.
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#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
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pub struct PercentDecode<'a> {
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bytes: slice::Iter<'a, u8>,
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}
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fn after_percent_sign(iter: &mut slice::Iter<u8>) -> Option<u8> {
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let initial_iter = iter.clone();
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let h = iter.next().and_then(|&b| (b as char).to_digit(16));
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let l = iter.next().and_then(|&b| (b as char).to_digit(16));
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if let (Some(h), Some(l)) = (h, l) {
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Some(h as u8 * 0x10 + l as u8)
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} else {
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*iter = initial_iter;
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None
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}
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}
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impl<'a> Iterator for PercentDecode<'a> {
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type Item = u8;
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fn next(&mut self) -> Option<u8> {
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self.bytes.next().map(|&byte| {
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if byte == b'%' {
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after_percent_sign(&mut self.bytes).unwrap_or(byte)
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} else {
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byte
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}
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})
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}
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fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
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let bytes = self.bytes.len();
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(bytes / 3, Some(bytes))
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}
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}
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impl<'a> From<PercentDecode<'a>> for Cow<'a, [u8]> {
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fn from(iter: PercentDecode<'a>) -> Self {
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match iter.if_any() {
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Some(vec) => Cow::Owned(vec),
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None => Cow::Borrowed(iter.bytes.as_slice()),
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}
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}
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}
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impl<'a> PercentDecode<'a> {
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/// If the percent-decoding is different from the input, return it as a new bytes vector.
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pub fn if_any(&self) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
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let mut bytes_iter = self.bytes.clone();
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while bytes_iter.any(|&b| b == b'%') {
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if let Some(decoded_byte) = after_percent_sign(&mut bytes_iter) {
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let initial_bytes = self.bytes.as_slice();
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let unchanged_bytes_len = initial_bytes.len() - bytes_iter.len() - 3;
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let mut decoded = initial_bytes[..unchanged_bytes_len].to_owned();
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decoded.push(decoded_byte);
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decoded.extend(PercentDecode {
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bytes: bytes_iter
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});
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return Some(decoded)
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}
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}
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// Nothing to decode
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None
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}
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/// Decode the result of percent-decoding as UTF-8.
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///
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/// This is return `Err` when the percent-decoded bytes are not well-formed in UTF-8.
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pub fn decode_utf8(self) -> Result<Cow<'a, str>, str::Utf8Error> {
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match self.clone().into() {
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Cow::Borrowed(bytes) => {
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match str::from_utf8(bytes) {
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Ok(s) => Ok(s.into()),
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Err(e) => Err(e),
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}
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}
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Cow::Owned(bytes) => {
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match String::from_utf8(bytes) {
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Ok(s) => Ok(s.into()),
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Err(e) => Err(e.utf8_error()),
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}
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}
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}
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}
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/// Decode the result of percent-decoding as UTF-8, lossily.
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///
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/// Invalid UTF-8 percent-encoded byte sequences will be replaced <20> U+FFFD,
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/// the replacement character.
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pub fn decode_utf8_lossy(self) -> Cow<'a, str> {
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decode_utf8_lossy(self.clone().into())
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}
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}
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fn decode_utf8_lossy(input: Cow<[u8]>) -> Cow<str> {
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match input {
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Cow::Borrowed(bytes) => String::from_utf8_lossy(bytes),
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Cow::Owned(bytes) => {
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let raw_utf8: *const [u8];
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match String::from_utf8_lossy(&bytes) {
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Cow::Borrowed(utf8) => raw_utf8 = utf8.as_bytes(),
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Cow::Owned(s) => return s.into(),
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}
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// from_utf8_lossy returned a borrow of `bytes` unchanged.
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debug_assert!(raw_utf8 == &*bytes as *const [u8]);
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// Reuse the existing `Vec` allocation.
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unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(bytes) }.into()
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}
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}
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}
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