From 95aaa81b3bfbbe72706d786e1f3edcbc9152ed87 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?V=C3=A1clav=20=27Ax=27=20H=C5=AFla?= Date: Mon, 2 Jan 2012 15:53:12 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] reformated plater.py --- plater.py | 465 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------- 1 file changed, 233 insertions(+), 232 deletions(-) diff --git a/plater.py b/plater.py index cabee4f..c1f6af8 100755 --- a/plater.py +++ b/plater.py @@ -1,69 +1,73 @@ #!/usr/bin/env python -import wx,time,random,threading,os,math -import stltool - +import wx +import time +import random +import threading +import os +import math import sys +import stltool -glview=False +glview = False if "-nogl" not in sys.argv: try: import stlview - glview=True + glview = True except: pass def evalme(s): - return eval(s[s.find("(")+1:s.find(")")]) + return eval(s[s.find("(") + 1:s.find(")")]) + class stlwrap: - def __init__(self,obj,name=None): - self.obj=obj - self.name=name + def __init__(self, obj, name=None): + self.obj = obj + self.name = name if name is None: - self.name=obj.name - + self.name = obj.name + def __repr__(self): return self.name - + class showstl(wx.Window): - def __init__(self,parent,size,pos): - wx.Window.__init__(self,parent,size=size,pos=pos) - #self.SetBackgroundColour((0,0,0)) - #wx.FutureCall(200,self.paint) - self.i=0 - self.parent=parent - self.previ=0 - self.Bind(wx.EVT_MOUSEWHEEL,self.rot) - self.Bind(wx.EVT_MOUSE_EVENTS,self.move) - self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT,self.repaint) + def __init__(self, parent, size, pos): + wx.Window.__init__(self, parent, size=size, pos=pos) + #self.SetBackgroundColour((0, 0, 0)) + #wx.FutureCall(200, self.paint) + self.i = 0 + self.parent = parent + self.previ = 0 + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MOUSEWHEEL, self.rot) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MOUSE_EVENTS, self.move) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.repaint) self.Bind(wx.EVT_KEY_DOWN, self.keypress) - #self.s=stltool.stl("sphere.stl").scale([2,1,1]) - self.triggered=0 - self.initpos=None - self.prevsel=-1 + #self.s = stltool.stl("sphere.stl").scale([2, 1, 1]) + self.triggered = 0 + self.initpos = None + self.prevsel = -1 - def drawmodel(self,m,scale): - m.bitmap=wx.EmptyBitmap(800,800,32) - dc=wx.MemoryDC() + def drawmodel(self, m, scale): + m.bitmap = wx.EmptyBitmap(800, 800, 32) + dc = wx.MemoryDC() dc.SelectObject(m.bitmap) - dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush((0,0,0,0))) - dc.SetBrush(wx.Brush((0,0,0,255))) - #dc.DrawRectangle(-1,-1,10000,10000) - dc.SetBrush(wx.Brush(wx.Colour(128,255,128))) - dc.SetPen(wx.Pen(wx.Colour(128,128,128))) - #m.offsets=[10,10,0] - #print m.offsets,m.dims - for i in m.facets:#random.sample(m.facets,min(100000,len(m.facets))): - dc.DrawPolygon([wx.Point(400+scale*p[0],(400-scale*p[1])) for p in i[1]]) + dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush((0, 0, 0, 0))) + dc.SetBrush(wx.Brush((0, 0, 0, 255))) + #dc.DrawRectangle(-1, -1, 10000, 10000) + dc.SetBrush(wx.Brush(wx.Colour(128, 255, 128))) + dc.SetPen(wx.Pen(wx.Colour(128, 128, 128))) + #m.offsets = [10, 10, 0] + #print m.offsets, m.dims + for i in m.facets: # random.sample(m.facets, min(100000, len(m.facets))): + dc.DrawPolygon([wx.Point(400 + scale * p[0], (400 - scale * p[1])) for p in i[1]]) #if(time.time()-t)>5: # break dc.SelectObject(wx.NullBitmap) - m.bitmap.SetMask(wx.Mask(m.bitmap,wx.Colour(0,0,0,255))) - - + m.bitmap.SetMask(wx.Mask(m.bitmap, wx.Colour(0, 0, 0, 255))) + def move_shape(self, delta): """moves shape (selected in l, which is list ListBox of shapes) by an offset specified in tuple delta. @@ -106,7 +110,7 @@ class showstl(wx.Window): del dc else: event.Skip() - + def rotate_shape(self, angle): """rotates acive shape positive angle is clockwise @@ -146,133 +150,134 @@ class showstl(wx.Window): event.Skip() def rotateafter(self): - if(self.i!=self.previ): - i=self.parent.l.GetSelection() + if(self.i != self.previ): + i = self.parent.l.GetSelection() if i != wx.NOT_FOUND: - #o=self.models[self.l.GetItemText(i)].offsets - self.parent.models[self.parent.l.GetString(i)].rot-=5*(self.i-self.previ) - #self.models[self.l.GetItemText(i)].offsets=o - self.previ=self.i + #o = self.models[self.l.GetItemText(i)].offsets + self.parent.models[self.parent.l.GetString(i)].rot -= 5 * (self.i - self.previ) + #self.models[self.l.GetItemText(i)].offsets = o + self.previ = self.i self.Refresh() def cr(self): time.sleep(0.01) wx.CallAfter(self.rotateafter) - self.triggered=0 - + self.triggered = 0 + def rot(self, event): - z=event.GetWheelRotation() - s=self.parent.l.GetSelection() - if self.prevsel!=s: - self.i=0 - self.prevsel=s + z = event.GetWheelRotation() + s = self.parent.l.GetSelection() + if self.prevsel != s: + self.i = 0 + self.prevsel = s if z < 0: self.rotate_shape(-1) else: self.rotate_shape(1) - - def repaint(self,event): - dc=wx.PaintDC(self) + + def repaint(self, event): + dc = wx.PaintDC(self) self.paint(dc=dc) - - def paint(self,coord1="x",coord2="y",dc=None): - coords={"x":0,"y":1,"z":2} + + def paint(self, coord1="x", coord2="y", dc=None): + coords = {"x": 0, "y": 1, "z": 2} if dc is None: - dc=wx.ClientDC(self) - offset=[0,0] - scale=2 - dc.SetPen(wx.Pen(wx.Colour(100,100,100))) + dc = wx.ClientDC(self) + offset = [0, 0] + scale = 2 + dc.SetPen(wx.Pen(wx.Colour(100, 100, 100))) for i in xrange(20): - dc.DrawLine(0,i*scale*10,400,i*scale*10) - dc.DrawLine(i*scale*10,0,i*scale*10,400) - dc.SetPen(wx.Pen(wx.Colour(0,0,0))) + dc.DrawLine(0, i * scale * 10, 400, i * scale * 10) + dc.DrawLine(i * scale * 10, 0, i * scale * 10, 400) + dc.SetPen(wx.Pen(wx.Colour(0, 0, 0))) for i in xrange(4): - dc.DrawLine(0,i*scale*50,400,i*scale*50) - dc.DrawLine(i*scale*50,0,i*scale*50,400) - dc.SetBrush(wx.Brush(wx.Colour(128,255,128))) - dc.SetPen(wx.Pen(wx.Colour(128,128,128))) - t=time.time() - dcs=wx.MemoryDC() + dc.DrawLine(0, i * scale * 50, 400, i * scale * 50) + dc.DrawLine(i * scale * 50, 0, i * scale * 50, 400) + dc.SetBrush(wx.Brush(wx.Colour(128, 255, 128))) + dc.SetPen(wx.Pen(wx.Colour(128, 128, 128))) + t = time.time() + dcs = wx.MemoryDC() for m in self.parent.models.values(): - b=m.bitmap + b = m.bitmap #print b - im=b.ConvertToImage() + im = b.ConvertToImage() #print im - imgc = wx.Point( im.GetWidth()/2,im.GetHeight()/2 ) + imgc = wx.Point(im.GetWidth() / 2, im.GetHeight() / 2) #print math.radians(5*(self.i-self.previ)) - im= im.Rotate( math.radians(m.rot), imgc, 0) - bm=wx.BitmapFromImage(im) + im = im.Rotate(math.radians(m.rot), imgc, 0) + bm = wx.BitmapFromImage(im) dcs.SelectObject(bm) - bsz=bm.GetSize() - dc.Blit(scale*m.offsets[0]-bsz[0]/2,400-(scale*m.offsets[1]+bsz[1]/2),bsz[0],bsz[1],dcs,0,0,useMask=1) - #for i in m.facets:#random.sample(m.facets,min(100000,len(m.facets))): - # dc.DrawPolygon([wx.Point(offset[0]+scale*m.offsets[0]+scale*p[0],400-(offset[1]+scale*m.offsets[1]+scale*p[1])) for p in i[1]]) + bsz = bm.GetSize() + dc.Blit(scale * m.offsets[0] - bsz[0] / 2, 400 - (scale * m.offsets[1] + bsz[1] / 2), bsz[0], bsz[1], dcs, 0, 0, useMask=1) + #for i in m.facets:#random.sample(m.facets, min(100000, len(m.facets))): + # dc.DrawPolygon([wx.Point(offset[0]+scale*m.offsets[0]+scale*p[0], 400-(offset[1]+scale*m.offsets[1]+scale*p[1])) for p in i[1]]) #if(time.time()-t)>5: # break del dc #print time.time()-t #s.export() - + + class stlwin(wx.Frame): - def __init__(self,size=(800,580),callback=None,parent=None): - wx.Frame.__init__(self,parent,title="Plate building tool",size=size) - self.SetIcon(wx.Icon("plater.ico",wx.BITMAP_TYPE_ICO)) + def __init__(self, size=(800, 580), callback=None, parent=None): + wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, title="Plate building tool", size=size) + self.SetIcon(wx.Icon("plater.ico", wx.BITMAP_TYPE_ICO)) self.mainsizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) - self.panel=wx.Panel(self,-1,size=(150,600),pos=(0,0)) - self.panel.SetBackgroundColour((10,10,10)) - self.l=wx.ListBox(self.panel,size=(300,180),pos=(0,30)) - self.cl=wx.Button(self.panel,label="Clear",pos=(0,205)) - self.lb=wx.Button(self.panel,label="Load",pos=(0,0)) + self.panel = wx.Panel(self, -1, size=(150, 600), pos=(0, 0)) + self.panel.SetBackgroundColour((10, 10, 10)) + self.l = wx.ListBox(self.panel, size=(300, 180), pos=(0, 30)) + self.cl = wx.Button(self.panel, label="Clear", pos=(0, 205)) + self.lb = wx.Button(self.panel, label="Load", pos=(0, 0)) if(callback is None): - self.eb=wx.Button(self.panel,label="Export",pos=(100,0)) - self.eb.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.export) + self.eb = wx.Button(self.panel, label="Export", pos=(100, 0)) + self.eb.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.export) else: - self.eb=wx.Button(self.panel,label="Done",pos=(100,0)) - self.eb.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,lambda e:self.done(e,callback)) - self.eb=wx.Button(self.panel,label="Cancel",pos=(200,0)) - self.eb.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,lambda e:self.Destroy()) - self.sb=wx.Button(self.panel,label="Snap to Z=0",pos=(00,255)) - self.cb=wx.Button(self.panel,label="Put at 100,100",pos=(0,280)) - self.db=wx.Button(self.panel,label="Delete",pos=(0,305)) - self.ab=wx.Button(self.panel,label="Auto",pos=(0,330)) - self.cl.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.clear) - self.lb.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.right) - self.sb.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.snap) - self.cb.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.center) - self.db.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.delete) - self.ab.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.autoplate) - self.basedir="." - self.models={} - self.SetBackgroundColour((10,10,10)) + self.eb = wx.Button(self.panel, label="Done", pos=(100, 0)) + self.eb.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, lambda e: self.done(e, callback)) + self.eb = wx.Button(self.panel, label="Cancel", pos=(200, 0)) + self.eb.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, lambda e: self.Destroy()) + self.sb = wx.Button(self.panel, label="Snap to Z = 0", pos=(00, 255)) + self.cb = wx.Button(self.panel, label="Put at 100, 100", pos=(0, 280)) + self.db = wx.Button(self.panel, label="Delete", pos=(0, 305)) + self.ab = wx.Button(self.panel, label="Auto", pos=(0, 330)) + self.cl.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.clear) + self.lb.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.right) + self.sb.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.snap) + self.cb.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.center) + self.db.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.delete) + self.ab.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.autoplate) + self.basedir = "." + self.models = {} + self.SetBackgroundColour((10, 10, 10)) self.mainsizer.Add(self.panel) #self.mainsizer.AddSpacer(10) if glview: - self.s=stlview.TestGlPanel(self,(580,580)) + self.s = stlview.TestGlPanel(self, (580, 580)) else: - self.s=showstl(self,(580,580),(0,0)) + self.s = showstl(self, (580, 580), (0, 0)) self.mainsizer.Add(self.s, 1, wx.EXPAND) self.SetSizer(self.mainsizer) #self.mainsizer.Fit(self) self.Layout() - + #self.SetClientSize(size) - - def autoplate(self,event): + + def autoplate(self, event): print "Autoplating" separation = 2 - bedsize = [200,200,100] - cursor = [0,0,0] + bedsize = [200, 200, 100] + cursor = [0, 0, 0] newrow = 0 - max = [0,0] + max = [0, 0] for i in self.models: - self.models[i].offsets[2]=-1.0*self.models[i].dims[4] + self.models[i].offsets[2] = -1.0 * self.models[i].dims[4] x = abs(self.models[i].dims[0] - self.models[i].dims[1]) y = abs(self.models[i].dims[2] - self.models[i].dims[3]) - centre = [x/2, y/2] + centre = [x / 2, y / 2] centreoffset = [self.models[i].dims[0] + centre[0], self.models[i].dims[2] + centre[1]] - if (cursor[0]+x+separation) >= bedsize[0]: + if (cursor[0] + x + separation) >= bedsize[0]: cursor[0] = 0 - cursor[1] += newrow+separation + cursor[1] += newrow + separation newrow = 0 if (newrow == 0) or (newrow < y): newrow = y @@ -280,103 +285,100 @@ class stlwin(wx.Frame): # Good job, it confused the hell out of me. self.models[i].offsets[0] = cursor[0] + centre[0] - centreoffset[0] self.models[i].offsets[1] = cursor[1] + centre[1] - centreoffset[1] - if (max[0] == 0) or (max[0] < (cursor[0]+x)): - max[0] = cursor[0]+x - if (max[1] == 0) or (max[1] < (cursor[1]+x)): - max[1] = cursor[1]+x - cursor[0] += x+separation - if (cursor[1]+y) >= bedsize[1]: + if (max[0] == 0) or (max[0] < (cursor[0] + x)): + max[0] = cursor[0] + x + if (max[1] == 0) or (max[1] < (cursor[1] + x)): + max[1] = cursor[1] + x + cursor[0] += x + separation + if (cursor[1] + y) >= bedsize[1]: print "Bed full, sorry sir :(" self.Refresh() return - centreoffset = [(bedsize[0]-max[0])/2,(bedsize[1]-max[1])/2] + centreoffset = [(bedsize[0] - max[0]) / 2, (bedsize[1] - max[1]) / 2] for i in self.models: self.models[i].offsets[0] += centreoffset[0] self.models[i].offsets[1] += centreoffset[1] self.Refresh() - - - def clear(self,event): - result = wx.MessageBox('Are you sure you want to clear the grid? All unsaved changes will be lost.', 'Clear the grid?', + + def clear(self, event): + result = wx.MessageBox('Are you sure you want to clear the grid? All unsaved changes will be lost.', 'Clear the grid?', wx.YES_NO | wx.ICON_QUESTION) if (result == 2): - self.models={} + self.models = {} self.l.Clear() self.Refresh() - - def center(self,event): - i=self.l.GetSelection() + + def center(self, event): + i = self.l.GetSelection() if i != -1: - m=self.models[self.l.GetString(i)] - m.offsets=[100,100,m.offsets[2]] + m = self.models[self.l.GetString(i)] + m.offsets = [100, 100, m.offsets[2]] self.Refresh() - def snap(self,event): - i=self.l.GetSelection() + def snap(self, event): + i = self.l.GetSelection() if i != -1: - m=self.models[self.l.GetString(i)] - m.offsets[2]=-1.0*min(m.facetsminz)[0] + m = self.models[self.l.GetString(i)] + m.offsets[2] = -1.0 * min(m.facetsminz)[0] #print m.offsets[2] self.Refresh() - def delete(self,event): - i=self.l.GetSelection() + def delete(self, event): + i = self.l.GetSelection() if i != -1: del self.models[self.l.GetString(i)] self.l.Delete(i) - self.l.Select(self.l.GetCount()-1) + self.l.Select(self.l.GetCount() - 1) self.Refresh() - def done(self,event,cb): - import os,time + def done(self, event, cb): try: os.mkdir("tempstl") except: pass - name="tempstl/"+str(int(time.time())%10000)+".stl" + name = "tempstl/" + str(int(time.time()) % 10000) + ".stl" self.writefiles(name) if cb is not None: cb(name) self.Destroy() - - - def export(self,event): - dlg=wx.FileDialog(self,"Pick file to save to",self.basedir,style=wx.FD_SAVE) + + def export(self, event): + dlg = wx.FileDialog(self, "Pick file to save to", self.basedir, style=wx.FD_SAVE) dlg.SetWildcard("STL files (;*.stl;)") if(dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK): - name=dlg.GetPath() + name = dlg.GetPath() self.writefiles(name) - - def writefiles(self,name): - sf=open(name.replace(".","_")+".scad","w") - facets=[] + + def writefiles(self, name): + sf = open(name.replace(".", "_") + ".scad", "w") + facets = [] for i in self.models.values(): - - r=i.rot - o=i.offsets - sf.write('translate([%s,%s,%s]) rotate([0,0,%s]) import_stl("%s");\n'%(str(o[0]),str(o[1]),str(o[2]),r,os.path.split(i.filename)[1])) + + r = i.rot + o = i.offsets + sf.write('translate([%s, %s, %s]) rotate([0, 0, %s]) import_stl("%s");\n' % (str(o[0]), str(o[1]), str(o[2]), r, os.path.split(i.filename)[1])) if r != 0: - i=i.rotate([0,0,r]) - if o != [0,0,0]: - i=i.translate([o[0],o[1],o[2]]) - facets+=i.facets + i = i.rotate([0, 0, r]) + if o != [0, 0, 0]: + i = i.translate([o[0], o[1], o[2]]) + facets += i.facets sf.close() - stltool.emitstl(name,facets,"plater_export") - print "wrote ",name - - def right(self,event): - dlg=wx.FileDialog(self,"Pick file to load",self.basedir,style=wx.FD_OPEN|wx.FD_FILE_MUST_EXIST) + stltool.emitstl(name, facets, "plater_export") + print "wrote ", name + + def right(self, event): + dlg = wx.FileDialog(self, "Pick file to load", self.basedir, style=wx.FD_OPEN | wx.FD_FILE_MUST_EXIST) dlg.SetWildcard("STL files (;*.stl;)|*.stl|OpenSCAD files (;*.scad;)|*.scad") if(dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK): - name=dlg.GetPath() + name = dlg.GetPath() if (name.lower().endswith(".stl")): - self.load_stl(event,name) + self.load_stl(event, name) elif (name.lower().endswith(".scad")): - self.load_scad(event,name) - - def load_scad(self,event,name): - lf=open(name) - s=[i.replace("\n","").replace("\r","").replace(";","") for i in lf if "stl" in i] + self.load_scad(event, name) + + def load_scad(self, event, name): + lf = open(name) + s = [i.replace("\n", "").replace("\r", "").replace(";", "") for i in lf if "stl" in i] lf.close() for i in s: @@ -390,76 +392,75 @@ class stlwin(wx.Frame): for part in parts: if 'import' in part: stl_file = evalme(part) - - newname=os.path.split(stl_file.lower())[1] - c=1 - while newname in self.models: - newname=os.path.split(stl_file.lower())[1] - newname=newname+"(%d)"%c - c+=1 - stl_path = os.path.join(os.path.split(name)[0:len(os.path.split(stl_file))-1]) - stl_full_path = os.path.join(stl_path[0],str(stl_file)) - self.load_stl_into_model(stl_full_path,stl_file,translate_list,rotate_list[2]) - def load_stl(self,event,name): + newname = os.path.split(stl_file.lower())[1] + c = 1 + while newname in self.models: + newname = os.path.split(stl_file.lower())[1] + newname = newname + "(%d)" % c + c += 1 + stl_path = os.path.join(os.path.split(name)[0:len(os.path.split(stl_file)) - 1]) + stl_full_path = os.path.join(stl_path[0], str(stl_file)) + self.load_stl_into_model(stl_full_path, stl_file, translate_list, rotate_list[2]) + + def load_stl(self, event, name): if not(os.path.exists(name)): return path = os.path.split(name)[0] - self.basedir=path - t=time.time() + self.basedir = path + t = time.time() #print name if name.lower().endswith(".stl"): #Filter out the path, just show the STL filename. - self.load_stl_into_model(name,name) + self.load_stl_into_model(name, name) self.Refresh() #print time.time()-t - def load_stl_into_model(self,path,name,offset=[0,0,0],rotation=0,scale=[1.0,1.0,1.0]): - newname=os.path.split(name.lower())[1] - c=1 + def load_stl_into_model(self, path, name, offset=[0, 0, 0], rotation=0, scale=[1.0, 1.0, 1.0]): + newname = os.path.split(name.lower())[1] + c = 1 while newname in self.models: - newname=os.path.split(name.lower())[1] - newname=newname+"(%d)"%c - c+=1 - self.models[newname]=stltool.stl(path) - self.models[newname].offsets=offset - self.models[newname].rot=rotation - self.models[newname].scale=scale - self.models[newname].filename=name - minx,miny,minz,maxx,maxy,maxz=(10000,10000,10000,0,0,0) + newname = os.path.split(name.lower())[1] + newname = newname + "(%d)" % c + c += 1 + self.models[newname] = stltool.stl(path) + self.models[newname].offsets = offset + self.models[newname].rot = rotation + self.models[newname].scale = scale + self.models[newname].filename = name + minx, miny, minz, maxx, maxy, maxz = (10000, 10000, 10000, 0, 0, 0) for i in self.models[newname].facets: for j in i[1]: - if j[0]maxx: - maxx=j[0] - if j[1]>maxy: - maxy=j[1] - if j[2]>maxz: - maxz=j[2] - self.models[newname].dims=[minx,maxx,miny,maxy,minz,maxz] - #if minx<0: - # self.models[newname].offsets[0]=-minx - #if miny<0: - # self.models[newname].offsets[1]=-miny - self.s.drawmodel(self.models[newname],2) - - #print time.time()-t + if j[0] < minx: + minx = j[0] + if j[1] < miny: + miny = j[1] + if j[2] < minz: + minz = j[2] + if j[0] > maxx: + maxx = j[0] + if j[1] > maxy: + maxy = j[1] + if j[2] > maxz: + maxz = j[2] + self.models[newname].dims = [minx, maxx, miny, maxy, minz, maxz] + #if minx < 0: + # self.models[newname].offsets[0] = -minx + #if miny < 0: + # self.models[newname].offsets[1] = -miny + self.s.drawmodel(self.models[newname], 2) + + #print time.time() - t self.l.Append(newname) - i=self.l.GetSelection() - if i==wx.NOT_FOUND: + i = self.l.GetSelection() + if i == wx.NOT_FOUND: self.l.Select(0) - - self.l.Select(self.l.GetCount()-1) - - + + self.l.Select(self.l.GetCount() - 1) + + if __name__ == '__main__': app = wx.App(False) main = stlwin() main.Show() app.MainLoop() -