hscloud/tools/secretstore.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3

"""
A little tool to encrypt/decrypt git secrets. Kinda like password-store, but
more purpose specific and portable.

It generally expects to work with directory structures as follows:

    foo/bar/secrets/plain:  plaintext files
                   /cipher: ciphertext files, with names corresponding to
                            plaintext files

Note: currently all plaintext/cipher files are at a single level, ie.: there
cannot be any subdirectory within a /plain or /cipher directory.

There are multiple secret 'roots' like this in hscloud, notably:

 - cluster/secrets
 - hswaw/kube/secrets

In the future, some repository-based configuration might exist to specify these
roots in a nicer way, possibly with different target keys per root.

This tool a bit of a swiss army knife, and can be used in the following ways:

 - as a CLI tool to encrypt/decrypt files directly
 - as a library for its encryption/decryption methods, and for a SecretStore
   API, which allows for basic programmatic access to secrets, decrypting
   things if necessary
 - as a CLI tool to 'synchronize' a directory containing plain/cipher files,
   which means encrypting every new plaintext file (or new ciphertext file),
   and re-encrypting all files whose keys are different from the keys list
   defined in this file.

"""

import argparse
import logging
import os
import sys
import subprocess
import tempfile

# Keys that are to be used to encrypt all secret roots.
keys = [
    "63DFE737F078657CC8A51C00C29ADD73B3563D82", # q3k
    "482FF104C29294AD1CAF827BA43890A3DE74ECC7", # inf
    "F07205946C07EEB2041A72FBC60C64879534F768", # cz2
    "0879F9FCA1C836677BB808C870FD60197E195C26", # implr
]

# Currently, Patryk's GPG key is expired. This hacks around that by pretending
# it's January 2021.
# TODO(q3k/patryk): remove this once Patryk updates his key.
systime = '20210101T000000'

_logger_name = __name__
if _logger_name == '__main__':
    _logger_name = 'secretstore'
logger = logging.getLogger(_logger_name)


class CLIException(Exception):
    pass


def encrypt(src, dst):
    cmd = [
        'gpg' , 
        '--encrypt',
        '--faked-system-time', systime,
        '--trust-model', 'always',
        '--armor',
        '--batch', '--yes',
        '--output', dst,
    ]
    for k in keys:
        cmd.append('--recipient')
        cmd.append(k)
    cmd.append(src)
    subprocess.check_call(cmd)


def decrypt(src, dst):
    cmd = ['gpg', '--decrypt', '--batch', '--yes', '--output', dst, src]
    # catch stdout to make this code less chatty.
    subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)


def _encryption_key_for_fingerprint(fp):
    """
    Returns the encryption key ID for a given GPG fingerprint (eg. one from the
    'keys' list.
    """
    cmd = ['gpg', '-k', '--faked-system-time', systime, '--keyid-format', 'long', fp]
    res = subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode()

    # Sample output:
    #   pub   rsa4096/70FD60197E195C26 2014-02-22 [SC] [expires: 2021-02-05]
    #         0879F9FCA1C836677BB808C870FD60197E195C26
    #   uid                 [ultimate] Bartosz Stebel <bartoszstebel@gmail.com>
    #   uid                 [ultimate] Bartosz Stebel <implr@hackerspace.pl>
    #   sub   rsa4096/E203C94E5CEBB3EF 2014-02-22 [E] [expires: 2021-02-05]
    #
    # We want to extract the 'sub' key with the [E] tag.
    for line in res.split('\n'):
        line = line.strip()
        if not line:
            continue
        parts = line.split()
        if len(parts) < 4:
            continue
        if parts[0] != 'sub':
            continue

        if not parts[3].startswith('[') or not parts[3].endswith(']'):
            continue
        usages = parts[3].strip('[]')
        if 'E' not in usages:
            continue

        # Okay, we found the encryption key.
        return parts[1].split('/')[1]

    raise Exception("Could not find encryption key ID for fingerprint {}".format(fp))


_encryption_keys_cache = None
def encryption_keys():
    """
    Return all encryption keys associated with the keys array.
    """
    global _encryption_keys_cache
    if _encryption_keys_cache is None:
        _encryption_keys_cache = [_encryption_key_for_fingerprint(fp) for fp in keys]

    return _encryption_keys_cache


def encrypted_for(path):
    """
    Return for which encryption keys is a given GPG ciphertext file encrypted.
    """
    cmd = ['gpg', '--pinentry-mode', 'cancel', '--list-packets', path]
    res = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT).decode()

    # Sample output:
    #  gpg: encrypted with 4096-bit RSA key, ID E203C94E5CEBB3EF, created 2014-02-22
    #        "Bartosz Stebel <bartoszstebel@gmail.com>"
    #  gpg: encrypted with 2048-bit RSA key, ID 5C1B6B69E9F5EABE, created 2013-01-29
    #        "Piotr Dobrowolski <piotr.tytus.dobrowolski@gmail.com>"
    #  gpg: encrypted with 2048-bit RSA key, ID 386E893E110BC55B, created 2012-01-10
    #        "Sergiusz Bazanski (Low Latency Consulting) <serge@lowlatency.ie>"
    #  gpg: public key decryption failed: Operation cancelled
    #  gpg: decryption failed: No secret key
    #  # off=0 ctb=85 tag=1 hlen=3 plen=268
    #  :pubkey enc packet: version 3, algo 1, keyid 386E893E110BC55B
    #  	data: [2047 bits]
    #  # off=271 ctb=85 tag=1 hlen=3 plen=268
    #  :pubkey enc packet: version 3, algo 1, keyid 5C1B6B69E9F5EABE
    #  	data: [2048 bits]
    #  # off=542 ctb=85 tag=1 hlen=3 plen=524
    #  :pubkey enc packet: version 3, algo 1, keyid E203C94E5CEBB3EF
    #  	data: [4095 bits]
    #  # off=1069 ctb=d2 tag=18 hlen=2 plen=121 new-ctb
    #  :encrypted data packet:
    #  	length: 121
    #  	mdc_method: 2

    keys = []
    for line in res.split('\n'):
        line = line.strip()
        if not line:
            continue

        parts = line.split()
        if len(parts) < 9:
            continue


        if parts[:4] != [':pubkey', 'enc', 'packet:', 'version']:
            continue

        if parts[7] != 'keyid':
            continue

        keys.append(parts[8])

    # Make unique.
    return list(set(keys))


class SyncAction:
    """
    SyncAction is a possible action taken to synchronize some secrets.

    An action is some sort of side-effect bearing OS action (ie execution of
    script or file move, or...) that can also 'describe' that it's acting - ie,
    just return a human readable string of what it would be doing. These
    describe descriptions are used for dry-runs of the secretstore sync
    functionality.
    """
    def describe(self):
        return ""

    def act(self):
        pass

class SyncActionEncrypt:
    def __init__(self, src, dst, reason):
        self.src = src
        self.dst = dst
        self.reason = reason

    def describe(self):
        return f'Encrypting {os.path.split(self.src)[-1]} ({self.reason})'

    def act(self):
        return encrypt(self.src, self.dst)


class SyncActionDecrypt:
    def __init__(self, src, dst, reason):
        self.src = src
        self.dst = dst
        self.reason = reason

    def describe(self):
        return f'Decrypting {os.path.split(self.src)[-1]} ({self.reason})'

    def act(self):
        return decrypt(self.src, self.dst)


def sync(path: str, dry: bool):
    """Synchronize (decrypt and encrypt what's needed) a given secrets directory."""

    # Turn the path into an absolute path just to make things safer.
    path = os.path.abspath(path)
    # Trim all trailing slashes to canonicalize.
    path = path.rstrip('/')

    plain_path = os.path.join(path, "plain")
    cipher_path = os.path.join(path, "cipher")

    # Ensure that at least one of the plain/cipher paths exist.
    plain_exists = os.path.exists(plain_path)
    cipher_exists = os.path.exists(cipher_path)
    if not plain_exists and not cipher_exists:
        raise CLIException('Given directory must contain a plain/ or cipher/ subdirectory.')

    # Make missing directories.
    if not plain_exists:
        os.mkdir(plain_path)
    if not cipher_exists:
        os.mkdir(cipher_path)

    # List files on both sides:
    plain_files = [f for f in os.listdir(plain_path) if f != '.gitignore' and os.path.isfile(os.path.join(plain_path, f))]
    cipher_files = [f for f in os.listdir(cipher_path) if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(cipher_path, f))]

    # Helper function to turn a short filename within a directory to a pair
    # of plain/cipher full paths.
    def pc(p):
        return os.path.join(plain_path, p), os.path.join(cipher_path, p)

    # Make a set of all file names - no matter if only available as plain, as
    # cipher, or as both.
    all_files = set(plain_files + cipher_files)

    # We'll be making a list of actions to perform to bring up given directory
    # pair to a stable state.
    actions = []  # type: List[SyncAction]

    # First, for every possible file (either encrypted or decrypted), figure
    # out which side is fresher based on file presence and mtime.
    fresher = {}  # type: Dict[str, str]
    for p in all_files:
        # Handle the easy case when the file only exists on one side.
        if p not in cipher_files:
            fresher[p] = 'plain'
            continue
        if p not in plain_files:
            fresher[p] = 'cipher'
            continue

        plain, cipher = pc(p)

        # Otherwise, we have both the cipher and plain version.
        # Check if the decrypted version matches the plaintext version. If so,
        # they're both equal.

        f = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
        f.close()
        decrypt(cipher, f.name)

        with open(f.name, 'rb') as fd:
            decrypted_data = fd.read()
        with open(plain, 'rb') as fc:
            current_data = fc.read()

        if decrypted_data == current_data:
            fresher[p] = 'equal'
            os.unlink(f.name)
            continue

        os.unlink(f.name)

        # The plain and cipher versions differ. Let's choose based on mtime.
        mtime_plain = os.path.getmtime(plain)
        mtime_cipher = os.path.getmtime(cipher)

        if mtime_plain > mtime_cipher:
            fresher[p] = 'plain'
        elif mtime_cipher > mtime_plain:
            fresher[p] = 'cipher'
        else:
            raise CLIException(f'cipher/plain stalemate on {p}: contents differ, but files have same mtime')

    # Find all files that need to be re-encrypted for changed keys.
    reencrypt = set()
    for p in cipher_files:
        _, cipher = pc(p)
        current = set(encrypted_for(cipher))
        want = set(encryption_keys())

        if current != want:
            reencrypt.add(p)

    # Okay, now actually construct a list of actions.
    # First, all fresh==cipher keys need to be decrypted.
    for p, v in fresher.items():
        if v != 'cipher':
            continue

        plain, cipher = pc(p)
        actions.append(SyncActionDecrypt(cipher, plain, "cipher version is newer"))

    encrypted = set()
    # Then, encrypt all fresh==plain files, and make note of what those
    # are.
    for p, v in fresher.items():
        if v != 'plain':
            continue

        plain, cipher = pc(p)
        actions.append(SyncActionEncrypt(plain, cipher, "plain version is newer"))
        encrypted.add(p)

    # Finally, re-encrypt all the files that aren't already being encrypted.
    for p in reencrypt.difference(encrypted):
        plain, cipher = pc(p)
        actions.append(SyncActionEncrypt(plain, cipher, "needs to be re-encrypted for different keys"))

    if len(actions) == 0:
        logger.info('Nothing to do!')
    else:
        if dry:
            logger.info('Would perform the following:')
        else:
            logger.info('Running actions...')
    for a in actions:
        logger.info(a.describe())
        if not dry:
            a.act()


class SecretStoreMissing(Exception):
    pass


class SecretStore(object):
    def __init__(self, plain_root, cipher_root):
        self.proot = plain_root
        self.croot = cipher_root

    def exists(self, suffix):
        p = os.path.join(self.proot, suffix)
        c = os.path.join(self.croot, suffix)
        return os.path.exists(c) or os.path.exists(p)

    def plaintext(self, suffix):
        p = os.path.join(self.proot, suffix)
        c = os.path.join(self.croot, suffix)

        has_p = os.path.exists(p)
        has_c = os.path.exists(c)

        if has_c and has_p and os.path.getctime(p) < os.path.getctime(c):
            logger.info("Decrypting {} ({})...".format(suffix, c))
            decrypt(c, p)

        return p

    def open(self, suffix, mode, *a, **kw):
        p = os.path.join(self.proot, suffix)
        c = os.path.join(self.croot, suffix)
        if 'w' in mode:
            return open(p, mode, *a, **kw)

        if not self.exists(suffix):
            raise SecretStoreMissing("Secret {} does not exist".format(suffix))

        if not os.path.exists(p) or os.path.getctime(p) < os.path.getctime(c):
            logger.info("Decrypting {} ({})...".format(suffix, c))
            decrypt(c, p)

        return open(p, mode, *a, **kw)


def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Manage hscloud git-based secrets.')
    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest='mode')

    parser_decrypt = subparsers.add_parser('decrypt', help='decrypt a single secret file')
    parser_decrypt.add_argument('input', type=str, help='encrypted file path')
    parser_decrypt.add_argument('output', type=str, default='-', help='decrypted file path file path (or - for stdout)')

    parser_encrypt = subparsers.add_parser('encrypt', help='encrypt a single secret file')
    parser_encrypt.add_argument('input', type=str, help='plaintext file path')
    parser_encrypt.add_argument('output', type=str, default='-', help='encrypted file path file path (or - for stdout)')

    parser_sync = subparsers.add_parser('sync', help='Synchronize a canonically formatted secrets/{plain,cipher} directory')
    parser_sync.add_argument('dir', type=str, help='Path to secrets directory to synchronize')
    parser_sync.add_argument('--dry', dest='dry', action='store_true')
    parser_sync.set_defaults(dry=False)

    logging.basicConfig(level='INFO')

    args = parser.parse_args()

    if args.mode == None:
        parser.print_help()
        sys.exit(1)

    try:
        if args.mode == 'encrypt':
            encrypt(args.input, args.output)
        elif args.mode == 'decrypt':
            decrypt(args.input, args.output)
        elif args.mode == 'sync':
            sync(args.dir, dry=args.dry)
        else:
            # ???
            raise Exception('invalid mode {}'.format(args.mode))
    except CLIException as e:
        logger.error(e)
        sys.exit(1)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    sys.exit(main() or 0)